Exposure to stressors and trajectories of perceived stress among older adults.
Exposure to stressors and trajectories of perceived stress among older adults.
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老年人面临的压力源和感知压力的轨迹。
DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbu065
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Goldman,Noreen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vasunilashorn,Sarinnapha;Lynch,ScottM;Glei,DanaA;Weinstein,Maxine;Goldman,Noreen
目标模型的压力，包括个人所经历的环境需求（压力源）和这些生活事件的评价（感知）。由于对经验和认知的相关程度知之甚少，我们在一个具有全国代表性的台湾老年人群体中研究了这种关系。（1999，2003，2007）台湾老化纵向研究，我们（a）调查成年后期感知压力的变化模式和（B）检查经历的压力源如何影响感知压力。参与者被要求报告压力源的存在，以及在某些情况下暴露于压力源的程度，包括医疗条件的总数，日常生活活动的困难，移动功能的困难，与前一波相比经济状况更差，经历孩子的死亡，以及经历婚姻破裂。反映感知压力的项目包括有关的受访者和他/她的家庭member.ResultsOur的结果表明，暴露于压力源增加，而感知压力减少，随着时间的推移有关的各个领域的关注。压力源暴露的变化通常与压力感知的变化无关，但与健康相关的压力源暴露的汇总测量除外。随着时间的推移，健康状况不佳的增加与所有领域感知压力的增加有关。讨论结果强调了在研究老年人压力与健康之间的联系时，区分压力感知和接触压力源的重要性。此外，经历的压力源和压力感知之间的联系越来越少，这表明老年人的评估可能是一种适应性的应对策略，它的出现是为了缓冲晚年生活中不可避免的一些困难。
ObjectivesModels of stress incorporate both the environmental demands experienced by individuals (stressors) and the appraisal of these life events (perceptions). Because little is known about the extent to which experience and perceptions are related, we examine this relationship in a nationally representative population of older Taiwanese adults.MethodUsing growth models applied to data from 3 waves (1999, 2003, and 2007) of the Taiwan Longitudinal Study of Aging, we (a) investigate patterns of change in perceived stress in later adulthood and (b) examine how experienced stressors influence perceived stress. Participants were asked to report the presence of, and in some cases the degree of, exposure to stressors including total number of medical conditions, difficulty with activities of daily living, difficulty with mobility functions, being financially worse off compared with the prior wave, experiencing the death of a child, and experiencing a marital disruption. Items reflecting perceived stress included concerns about various domains pertaining to the respondent and his/her family member.ResultsOur results indicate that exposure to stressors increases, whereas perceived stress decreases, over time. Change in exposure to stressors is not generally associated with change in perceptions of stress, with the exception of a summary measure of health-related exposure to stressors. An increase in poor health over time is related to an increase in perceived stress in all domains.DiscussionThe results underscore the importance of distinguishing between perceptions of stress and exposure to stressors when studying the links between stress and health among older adults. Furthermore, the diminishing linkage between experienced stressors and perceptions of stress suggests that older adults’ appraisal may be an adaptive coping strategy that emerges to buffer some of the difficulties that are inevitable in later life.