A comparison of the utility of urine- and hair testing in detecting self-reported drug use among young adult opioid users
A comparison of the utility of urine- and hair testing in detecting self-reported drug use among young adult opioid users
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.008
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Mateu-Gelabert, Pedro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Palamar, Joseph J.;Le, Austin;Mateu-Gelabert, Pedro
背景：生物学检测可用于验证或检测少报用药情况。由于头发测试越来越多地用于调查研究，我们研究了头发测试的效用如何与更常见的方法-尿液测试进行比较。方法：对532名报告过去一个月海洛因使用和/或非医疗处方阿片类药物使用的成年人（18-29岁）进行调查，了解过去一个月各种药物的使用情况。参与者进行了尿检，大多数（79.3%）提供了头发样本供分析。我们检查了尿液和毛发测试在检测过去一个月各种药物使用方面的效用。结果：与毛发检测相比，尿检能够确认更高比例的自我报告使用海洛因/阿片类药物（85.5%比80.9%）、大麻（73.9%比22.9%）、苯二氮卓类药物（51.3%比15.1%）和美沙酮（77.0%比48.7%），而毛发检测更容易检测报告使用可卡因（66.3%比48.0%）（p < 0.01）。与毛发测试相比，尿液测试更容易检测到未报告的大麻使用（11.3%比0.9%）和苯二氮卓类药物（14.4%比5.4%），毛发测试更容易检测到未报告的可卡因使用（27.0%比5.8%）和羟考酮（19.7%比1.4%）（p < 0.001）。当加入尿液测试时，毛发测试增加了报告和未报告使用可卡因和羟考酮的检出率，从14%到22%不等。结论：虽然毛发检测在宽窗口期（例如，过去一年的使用）检测药物使用是有效的，但在检测阿片类药物/阿片类药物使用者中过去一个月的特定药物使用时，它的有效性不如尿检。然而，头发测试在检测未报告的可卡因和/或羟考酮使用方面特别有效。
Background: Biological testing can be used to validate or detect underreported drug use. Since hair testing is increasingly used in survey research, we examined how the utility of hair testing compares to a more common method-urine testing.Methods: 532 adults (ages 18-29) reporting past-month heroin use and/or nonmedical prescription opioid use were surveyed about past-month use of various drugs. Participants were urine-tested and the majority (79.3%) provided a hair sample for analysis. We examined the utility of urine vs. hair-testing in detecting past-month use of various drugs.Results: Compared to hair testing, urine testing was able to confirm higher proportions of self-reported use of heroin/opioids (85.5% vs. 80.9%), marijuana (73.9% vs. 22.9%), benzodiazepines (51.3% vs. 15.1%), and methadone (77.0% vs. 48.7%), while hair testing was more likely to detect reported cocaine use (66.3% vs. 48.0%) (Ps < .01). Compared to hair testing, urine testing was more likely to detect unreported use of marijuana (11.3% vs. 0.9%), and benzodiazepines (14.4% vs. 5.4%), and hair testing was more likely to detect unreported use of cocaine (27.0% vs. 5.8%) and oxycodone (19.7% vs. 1.4%) (Ps < .001). When added to urine testing, hair testing increased detection of reported and non-reported use of cocaine and oxycodone ranging from 14 to 22%.Conclusions: While hair testing is efficacious in detecting drug use in wide window periods (e.g., past-year use), it is less efficacious than urine testing when testing for past-month use of select drugs among opiate/opioid users. However, hair testing is particularly efficacious in detecting unreported use of cocaine and/or oxycodone.