Increased educational attainment and its effect on child mortality in 175 countries between 1970 and 2009: a systematic analysis
Increased educational attainment and its effect on child mortality in 175 countries between 1970 and 2009: a systematic analysis
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61257-3
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发表时间：
2010-09-18
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Murray, Christopher J. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gakidou, Emmanuela;Cowling, Krycia;Murray, Christopher J. L.
背景除了教育的固有重要性及其在经济增长中的重要作用外，教育和健康也有很强的相关性。我们更新了对教育程度的先前系统评估，并估计了过去40年中妇女教育对降低儿童死亡率的改善的贡献。方法是我们编制了915家人口普查和全国代表性的调查，并估计了按年龄和年龄和年龄的平均教育次数性别。通过使用第一差异模型，我们调查了儿童死亡率与妇女的教育程度之间的关联，控制人均收入和艾滋病毒血清的血清阳性。然后，我们计算了1970年至2009年每个国家的儿童死亡率的反事实估计。发现全球平均教育年度从4。7年（95％的不确定性间隔4.4-5.1）增加到8.3岁（8.0-8.6）（男性（8.0-8.6）（男性）（年龄> = 25岁），从3.5岁（3.2-3.9）到7.1岁（6.7-7.5）（年龄> = 25岁）。对于发展中国家生殖年龄（15-44岁）的妇女，教育的年份从2.2岁（2.0-2.4）增加到7-2岁（6.8-7.6）。到2009年，在87个国家 /地区，妇女（25-34岁）的教育程度高于男性（25-34岁）。在1970年至2009年期间5岁以下的5岁儿童死亡人数减少了820万，我们估计有420万（51.2％）可以归因于生殖年龄妇女的教育程度增加。解释教育的大幅增长，尤其是妇女，尤其是妇女，尤其是性别差距的逆转不仅对健康，而且对妇女在社会中的地位和作用都具有重要意义。即使在一些最贫穷的国家中，教育程度的持续增长也表明，就千年发展目标4而言，快速进步可能是可能的。
Background In addition to the inherent importance of education and its essential role in economic growth, education and health are strongly related. We updated previous systematic assessments of educational attainment, and estimated the contribution of improvements in women's education to reductions in child mortality in the past 40 years.Methods We compiled 915 censuses and nationally representative surveys, and estimated mean number of years of education by age and sex. By use of a first-differences model, we investigated the association between child mortality and women's educational attainment, controlling for income per person and HIV seroprevalence. We then computed counterfactual estimates of child mortality for every country year between 1970 and 2009.Findings The global mean number of years of education increased from 4.7 years (95% uncertainty interval 4.4-5.1) to 8.3 years (8.0-8.6) for men (aged >= 25 years) and from 3.5 years (3.2-3.9) to 7.1 years (6.7-7.5) for women (aged >= 25 years). For women of reproductive age (15-44 years) in developing countries, the years of schooling increased from 2.2 years (2.0-2.4) to 7-2 years (6.8-7.6). By 2009, in 87 countries, women (aged 25-34 years) had higher educational attainment than had men (aged 25-34 years). Of 8.2 million fewer deaths in children younger than 5 years between 1970 and 2009, we estimated that 4.2 million (51.2%) could be attributed to increased educational attainment in women of reproductive age.Interpretation The substantial increase in education, especially of women, and the reversal of the gender gap have important implications not only for health but also for the status and roles of women in society. The continued increase in educational attainment even in some of the poorest countries suggests that rapid progress in terms of Millennium Development Goal 4 might be possible.