Crouching tigers, hidden prey: Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape
Crouching tigers, hidden prey: Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/s1367943003003172
复制
发表时间：
2003-05-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Wibisono, HT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Brien, TG;Kinnaird, MF;Wibisono, HT
我们研究了印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛南武吉巴里桑国家公园内苏门答腊虎（Panthera tigris sumatrae）和九种猎物的丰度和分布。我们的研究首次证明，通过相机陷阱测量的老虎及其猎物的相对丰度与独立得出的对这些物种密度的估计直接相关。公园内的老虎数量估计为 40-43 只。结果表明，对猎物和老虎的非法狩猎（以公园 10 种以内的人口密度为函数来衡量）是观察到的丰富模式的主要原因，而栖息地丧失是一个日益严重的问题。在人口密度较低的地区，老虎、两种鼷鹿 (Tragulus spp.)、猪 (Sus scrofa) 和水鹿 (Cervus unicolor) 的数量高出四倍多，而红麂 (Muntiacus muntjac) 和猪尾猕猴 (Macaca nemestrina) 的密度则高出两倍以上。马来貘（Tapirus indicus）和乌雉（Argusianus argus）等不常被猎杀的物种，在人口密度高的地区具有较高的相对丰度指数。一旦考虑到人口密度，与公园边界相关的边缘效应就不再是老虎或猎物丰富程度的重要因素。南武吉巴里桑国家公园以及整个苏门答腊岛其他保护区的老虎都面临着迫在眉睫的灭绝危险，除非狩猎和森林砍伐的趋势得到扭转。
We examine the abundance and distribution of Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and nine prey species in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park on Sumatra, Indonesia. Our study is the first to demonstrate that the relative abundance of tigers and their prey, as measured by camera traps, is directly related to independently derived estimates of densities for these species. The tiger population in the park is estimated at 40-43 individuals. Results indicate that illegal hunting of prey and tigers, measured as a function of human density within 10 kin of the park, is primarily responsible for observed patterns of abundance, and that habitat loss is an increasingly serious problem. Abundance of tigers, two mouse deer (Tragulus spp.), pigs (Sus scrofa) and Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) was more than four times higher in areas with low human population density, while densities of red muntjac (Muntiacus muntjac) and pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) were twice as high. Malay tapir (Tapirus indicus) and argus pheasant (Argusianus argus), species infrequently hunted, had higher indices of relative abundance in areas with high human density. Edge effects associated with park boundaries were not a significant factor in abundance of tigers or prey once human density was considered. Tigers in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, and probably other protected areas throughout Sumatra, are in imminent danger of extinction unless trends in hunting and deforestation are reversed.