Glycogen and its metabolism: some new developments and old themes.
Glycogen and its metabolism: some new developments and old themes.
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DOI：
10.1042/bj20111416
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tagliabracci VS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Roach PJ;Depaoli-Roach AA;Hurley TD;Tagliabracci VS
糖原是葡萄糖的分支聚合物，其在营养充足时充当能量储存以在需要时利用。它的代谢一直是广泛研究的主题，并且关于其通过激素如胰岛素、胰高血糖素和肾上腺素（肾上腺素）的调节知道很多。关于变构与共价控制关键生物合成酶糖原合酶的相对重要性，以及葡萄糖进入细胞与糖原合酶调节在决定糖原积累中的相对重要性，一直存在争议。在过去的十年左右，在真核生物糖原代谢的重要新进展包括：（i）生物合成酶糖原和糖原合成酶的三维结构，与机制和控制的相关含义：（ii）几个基因工程小鼠与糖原代谢的改变，揭示控制机制的分析;（iii）对糖原代谢的空间方面的更高认识，包括对糖原的溶酶体降解的更高关注;以及（iv）糖原磷酸化和Lafora病研究的进展，Lafora病是一种糖原累积病。
Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose that acts as a store of energy in times of nutritional sufficiency for utilization in times of need. Its metabolism has been the subject of extensive investigation and much is known about its regulation by hormones such as insulin, glucagon and adrenaline (epinephrine). There has been debate over the relative importance of allosteric compared with covalent control of the key biosynthetic enzyme, glycogen synthase, as well as the relative importance of glucose entry into cells compared with glycogen synthase regulation in determining glycogen accumulation. Significant new developments in eukaryotic glycogen metabolism over the last decade or so include: (i) three-dimensional structures of the biosynthetic enzymes glycogenin and glycogen synthase, with associated implications for mechanism and control; (ii) analyses of several genetically engineered mice with altered glycogen metabolism that shed light on the mechanism of control; (iii) greater appreciation of the spatial aspects of glycogen metabolism, including more focus on the lysosomal degradation of glycogen; and (iv) glycogen phosphorylation and advances in the study of Lafora disease, which is emerging as a glycogen storage disease.