Sprites and State Channels: Payment Networks that Go Faster Than Lightning
Sprites and State Channels: Payment Networks that Go Faster Than Lightning
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-32101-7_30
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发表时间：
2017-02
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通讯作者：
Andrew K. Miller;Iddo Bentov;Surya Bakshi;R. Kumaresan;Patrick McCorry
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作者：
Andrew K. Miller;Iddo Bentov;Surya Bakshi;R. Kumaresan;Patrick McCorry
目前部署的比特币、以太坊和其他基于区块链的加密货币每秒不能支持超过几笔交易。链下支付渠道是一种“第二层”解决方案，是加密货币扩展的主要方法。它们使互不信任的两方能够在彼此之间快速发送支付，并可以连接在一起形成支付网络，这样任何两方之间的支付都可以沿着连接它们的路径通过网络路由。我们提出了一种新的支付通道协议，叫做Sprites。与早期协议相比，Sprites的主要优势是降低了“抵押品成本”，即在解决争议之前必须锁定的金额×时间。在闪电网络和雷电中，通过i个通道的路径进行支付需要锁定抵押品Θ （i∆）时间，∆是提交链上交易的时间；路径上每增加一个节点，锁定时间就会增加。Sprites结构提供恒定的锁定时间，将总附带成本降低到Θ （i+∆）。我们对Sprites协议的描述也是模块化的，利用了一个通用的状态通道抽象。最后，Sprites通过支持部分取款和存款而无需任何链上交易，改进了先前的支付渠道建设。
Bitcoin, Ethereum and other blockchain-based cryptocurrencies, as deployed today, cannot support more than several transactions per second. Off-chain payment channels, a “layer 2” solution, are a leading approach for cryptocurrency scaling. They enable two mutually distrustful parties to rapidly send payments between each other and can be linked together to form a payment network, such that payments between any two parties can be routed through the network along a path that connects them.We propose a novel payment channel protocol, called Sprites. The main advantage of Sprites compared with earlier protocols is a reduced “collateral cost,” meaning the amount of money× time that must be locked up before disputes are settled. In the Lightning Network and Raiden, a payment across a path of i channels requires locking up collateral for Θ (i∆) time, where∆ is the time to commit an on-chain transaction; every additional node on the path forces an increase in lock time. The Sprites construction provides a constant lock time, reducing the overall collateral cost to Θ (i+∆). Our presentation of the Sprites protocol is also modular, making use of a generic state channel abstraction. Finally, Sprites improves on prior payment channel constructions by supporting partial withdrawals and deposits without any on-chain transactions.