Mechanisms of Future Predicted Changes in the Zonal Mean Mid-Latitude Circulation

Mechanisms of Future Predicted Changes in the Zonal Mean Mid-Latitude Circulation
复制标题

未来预测纬向平均中纬度环流变化的机制

DOI:
10.1007/s40641-019-00145-8
复制
发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
9.5
通讯作者:
Shaw, Tiffany A.
Shaw, Tiffany A.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shaw, Tiffany A.

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

最新的气候模式预测,未来纬向平均中纬度环流将发生极移,强度将发生季节性和半球相关的变化。在这里,我回顾了提出的解释纬向平均中纬度环流对二氧化碳(CO2)浓度增加的响应的机制。这些机制根据它们的热力学起点进行分组,热力学起点被认为是独立于纬向平均中纬度环流响应的过程。有24个机制和8个热力学起点:(I)热带高空潜热释放增加,(Ii)热带外干静力稳定性和对流层顶高度增加,(Iii)平流层辐射冷却,(Iv)Hadley环流膨胀,(V)Clausius-Clapeyron关系后比湿增加,(Vi)云辐射效应变化,(Vii)湍流表面热通量变化,以及(Viii)地面经向温度梯度减小。我认为,可以通过测试热力学起点来取得进展。我回顾了最近对热带起点高空潜热释放增加的测试,即规定非绝热扰动,量化对二氧化碳突然增加的瞬时响应,以及施加与纬度相关的二氧化碳浓度。最后,对提高我们对纬向平均中纬环流预测变化的理解提出了未来的展望。
State-of-the-art climate models predict the zonal mean mid-latitude circulation will undergo a poleward shift and seasonally and hemispherically dependent intensity changes in the future. Here I review the mechanisms put forward to explain the zonal mean mid-latitude circulation response to increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. The mechanisms are grouped according to their thermodynamic starting point, which are thought to arise from processes independent of the zonal mean mid-latitude circulation response. There are 24 mechanisms and 8 thermodynamic starting points: (i) increased latent heat release aloft in the tropics, (ii) increased dry static stability and tropopause height outside the tropics, (iii) radiative cooling of the stratosphere, (iv) Hadley cell expansion, (v) increased specific humidity following the Clausius-Clapeyron relation, (vi) cloud radiative effect changes, (vii) turbulent surface heat flux changes, and (viii) decreased surface meridional temperature gradient. I argue progress can be made by testing the thermodynamic starting points. I review recent tests of the increased latent heat release aloft in the tropics starting point, i.e., prescribing diabatic perturbations, quantifying the transient response to an abrupt CO2increase and imposing latitudinally dependent CO2concentration. Finally, I provide a future outlook for improving our understanding of predicted changes in the zonal mean mid-latitude circulation.
使用潮湿静态能量预算来了解一系列时间尺度上的风暴轨迹变化
DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-17-0022.1
发表时间: 2017
影响因子: 3.1
作者:
P. Barpanda;T. Shaw
通讯作者: T. Shaw
DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-15-0394.1
发表时间: 2016-01
期刊: Journal of Climate
影响因子: 4.9
作者:
P. Ceppi;D. Hartmann
通讯作者: P. Ceppi;D. Hartmann
使用大气数据估算海洋涡流扩散率方法的测试
DOI: 10.1029/1998gl900142
发表时间: 1998
影响因子: 5.2
作者:
P. Kushner;I. Held
通讯作者: I. Held
DOI: 10.1002/2015gl067172
发表时间: 2016-01
影响因子: 5.2
作者:
T. Cronin;M. Jansen
通讯作者: T. Cronin;M. Jansen
DOI: 10.1175/bams-86-11-1609
发表时间: 2005-11-01
影响因子: 8
作者:
Held, IM
通讯作者: Held, IM