Improvement of growth performance and sanitary status of weaned piglets fed a bovine colostrum-supplemented diet
Improvement of growth performance and sanitary status of weaned piglets fed a bovine colostrum-supplemented diet
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DOI：
10.2527/jas.2011-3941
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Le Huerou-Luron, I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Huguet, A.;Le Dividich, J.;Le Huerou-Luron, I.
本试验研究了3种不同饲喂时间的脱脂牛初乳对断奶仔猪生长性能和卫生状况的影响。在28日龄时，仔猪断奶并饲喂以下2种饮食中的1种：对照（Ctrl）起始饮食或添加Col的起始饮食。进行了两个实验。在Exp. 1310头仔猪（12圈10头/圈，10圈19头/圈）随机分为2组，每组12头，试验期12 d。在Exp. 2，522头仔猪（18个围栏，由10头仔猪/围栏组成，18个围栏，由19头仔猪/围栏组成）分配至以下3种饮食处理之一：从第1天到第12天喂食对照饮食（Ctrl），从第1天到第4天喂食Col饮食，然后喂食对照饮食直到第12天（Col-4d），或Col饮食从第1天到第6天，然后对照饮食直到第12天（Col-6d）。对于这两个实验，从第12天至第46天向仔猪饲喂商业第二阶段饮食。在断奶后的前7周，研究了动物的采食量、生长性能、地板和后躯清洁度。在Exp.结果表明，Col组仔猪的ADFI、ADG和G：F分别比对照组高16（P = 0.004）、23（P < 0.001）和5%（P = 0.069）;此后，Col仔猪的ADFI和ADG分别比对照仔猪高7%（P < 0.001）和9%（P < 0.001）（d 12 - 46）。断奶后第12天，与对照组相比，Col组仔猪的正常粪便（+13%）较多，软便或液状便（分别为-9%和-4%）较少（P = 0.06）。与对照仔猪相比，饲喂Col饲料导致从第7天至第11天地板清洁度正常粪便的天数更多（+22%; P < 0.001）。在Exp.与对照组相比，Col-6日龄仔猪的ADFI、ADG和G：F在0 ~ 9日龄分别提高了8%、23%和13%（P < 0.05），而Col-4日龄仔猪的ADFI、ADG和G：F在0 ~ 9日龄分别提高了23%和13%（P < 0.05），而Col-4日龄仔猪的ADFI、ADG和G：F在0 ~ 9日龄分别提高了23%和13%（P < 0.05），而Col-4日龄仔猪的ADFI、ADG和G：F在0 ~ 9日龄分别提高了23%和13%（P < 0.05）。断奶后第9天，饲喂Col-4d或Col-6d饲料的仔猪比饲喂对照饲料的仔猪有更多的正常粪便（分别为+6和+4%）和更少的液体粪便（分别为-4和-3%）（P = 0.08）。此后未观察到长期影响。总之，在饲喂Col饲料的断奶仔猪中，断奶诱导的生长抑制和腹泻事件减少。牛初乳的有益效果，观察超过治疗期时，补充覆盖断奶后的第一个6天，这对应于断奶后消化障碍的急性期。
The present study investigated the effect of 3 different durations of feeding a diet supplemented with defatted bovine colostrum (Col) on growth performance and sanitary status of the weaned piglet. At 28 d of age, piglets were weaned and fed 1 of the 2 following diets: a control (Ctrl) starter diet or a starter diet supplemented with Col. Two experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, 310 piglets (12 pens consisting of 10 piglets/pen and 10 pens consisting of 19 piglets/pen) were allocated to 1 of the 2 dietary treatments for 12 d. In Exp. 2, 522 piglets (18 pens consisting of 10 piglets/pen and 18 pens consisting of 19 piglets/pen) were allocated to 1 of the following 3 dietary treatments: fed the Ctrl diet from d 1 to 12 (Ctrl), Col diet from d 1 to 4 and then the Ctrl diet up to d 12 (Col-4d), or the Col diet from d 1 to 6 and then the Ctrl diet up to d 12 (Col-6d). For both experiments, a commercial second-phase diet was fed to piglets from d 12 to 46. Feed intake, growth performance, and cleanliness of floor and hindquarters of animals were investigated during the first 7 wk postweaning. In Exp. 1, from d 0 to 12, ADFI, ADG, and G: F were 16 (P = 0.004), 23 (P < 0.001), and 5% (P = 0.069) greater, respectively, in Col piglets compared with Ctrl piglets. Thereafter, ADFI and ADG were 7 (P < 0.001) and 9% ( P < 0.001) greater, respectively, in Col piglets than Ctrl piglets (d 12 to 46). On d 12 after weaning, piglets fed the Col diet had more normal feces (+13%) and less soft or liquid feces (-9 and -4%, respectively) than piglets fed the Ctrl diet (P = 0.06). Compared with Ctrl piglets, feeding the Col diet led to more days with normal feces for the floor cleanliness (+22%; P < 0.001) from d 7 to 11. In Exp. 2, compared with Ctrl piglets, ADFI, ADG, and G:F were 8, 23, and 13% greater (P < 0.05) in Col-6d piglets from d 0 to 9, whereas values for Col-4d piglets were intermediate and did not differ from the values of the other dietary treatments. On d 9 after weaning, piglets fed the Col-4d or the Col-6d diet had more normal feces (+6 and +4%, respectively) and less liquid feces (-4 and -3%, respectively) than piglets fed the Ctrl diet (P = 0.08). No long lasting effects were observed thereafter. In conclusion, there was a reduction of weaning-induced growth check and diarrheal episodes in weaned piglets fed the Col diet. The beneficial effects of the bovine colostrum were observed beyond the period of treatment when the supplementation covered the first 6 d postweaning, which corresponded to the acute phase of postweaning digestive disturbances.