Reward-related decision-making deficits and elevated impulsivity among MDMA and other drug users
Reward-related decision-making deficits and elevated impulsivity among MDMA and other drug users
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.02.003
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发表时间：
2008-07-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Sullwold, Kristin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanson, Karen L.;Luciana, Monica;Sullwold, Kristin
背景：娱乐用毒品3，4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺(MDMA；摇头丸)是一种合成的苯丙胺衍生物和一种5-羟色胺神经毒素。MDMA的使用与认知功能障碍和冲动有关，但由于多药滥用在吸毒者中很常见，很难将这些问题具体归因于MDMA。此外，很少有研究考察与奖励相关的认知过程。我们的目的是检查MDMA使用者中与奖励相关的决策和冲动，同时通过适当的比较组控制多药使用。方法：我们检查决策[爱荷华州赌博任务，IGT；Bechara，A.，Damasio，A.R.，Damasio，H.，Anderson，S.W.，1994。对人类前额叶皮质受损后的未来后果不敏感。结果：22名戒毒者、30名其他吸毒者和29名健康非吸毒者的自我报告冲动(多维人格问卷-简表[约束子量表]；Barratt冲动量表；Zuckerman感觉寻求量表)和吸毒情况。然而，与对照组相比，两组药物都表现出较差的IGT表现和较高的自我报告冲动。较差的决策与过去一年更多的药物使用，每周更多的酒精使用，以及满足更多药物类别的终生物质使用障碍(SUD)标准有关。冲动的增加与更多的药物使用，更多的每周饮酒，更多的终生肥皂水，以及更高的自我报告的抑郁水平有关。结论：这些发现与MDMA与决策缺陷具体相关的观点相矛盾。总的来说，吸毒者可能面临决策缺陷和冲动增强的风险。这种行为可能代表导致开始吸毒和酗酒的特征因素，和/或它们可能代表因广泛使用而加剧的行为模式。(C)2008爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司。保留所有权利。
Background: The recreational drug, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 'Ecstasy'), is a synthetic amphetamine derivative and a serotonin neurotoxin. MDMA use is associated with cognitive dysfunction and impulsivity, but since polydrug abuse is common among users it is difficult to attribute these problems specifically to MDMA. Moreover, few studies have examined reward-related cognitive processes. Our aim was to examine reward-related decision-making and impulsivity among MDMA users while controlling for polydrug use via appropriate comparison groups.Methods: We examined decision-making [Iowa Gambling Task, IGT; Bechara, A., Damasio, A.R., Damasio, H., Anderson, S.W., 1994. Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition 50, 7-15], self-reported impulsivity (Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire-Brief Form [constraint subscale]; Barratt, Impulsiveness Scale; Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale), and drug use among 22 abstinent MDMA users, 30 other drug users, and 29 healthy non-drug controls.Results: MDMA and other drug users showed comparable patterns of decision-making and impulsivity. However, both drug groups demonstrated poorer IGT performance and elevated self-reported impulsivity relative to controls. Poorer decision-making was related to heavier drug use in the past year, heavier weekly alcohol use, and meeting lifetime substance use disorder (SUD) criteria for more drug classes. Elevated impulsivity was associated with heavier drug use, heavier weekly alcohol use, more lifetime SUDs, and higher self-reported depression levels.Conclusions: These findings contradict the idea that MDMA is specifically associated with deficient decision-making. Drug users, in general, may be at risk for decision-making deficits and elevated impulsivity. Such behaviors may represent trait factors that lead to the initiation of drug and alcohol use, and/or they may represent behavior patterns that are exacerbated by extensive use. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.