The energetics of desalination processes
The energetics of desalination processes
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0011-9164(01)00121-7
复制
发表时间：
2001-04
期刊：
影响因子：
9.9
通讯作者：
K. Spiegler;Y. El-Sayed
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Spiegler;Y. El-Sayed
本文为包括海水淡化在内的大多数使用或产生热量和/或电力的系统的优化设计奠定了基础。为了澄清和特别重视海水淡化，以膜法和蒸馏法海水淡化技术的分离过程为例。分离过程的能量学和经济学都基于热力学第二定律的定量表述，即火用及其破坏的概念。研究了反渗透、电渗析、蒸汽压缩、沸腾蒸发和闪蒸等五种主要海水淡化系统的分离过程。能量分析的结果表明，反渗透和蒸馏在海水淡化方面存在着激烈的竞争。电渗析处理较稀的苦咸水是合理的。结果表明，与(火用)破坏相关的驱动力的确定在这种比较中占据了中心位置。从能量分析出发，以最小能耗和表面要求为目标的分离面优化设计顺利展开，为系统优化设计奠定了一般而有力的基础。第二篇论文[1]致力于一般方法及其扩展，以涵盖几乎所有类型的工业过程及其组合，以生产一个或多个产品。
This paper sets the foundation of the optimal design of most systems that use or produce heat and/or power including desalination. The separation process of the desalination technologies by membranes and by distillation is considered as an example for the purpose of clarity and for the special importance to desalination. Both the energetics and the economics of the separation process are based on a quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics in terms of the concept of exergy and its destruction. The separation process is considered for five main desalination systems: reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, vapor compression, boiling evaporation and flash evaporation. The results of the energetic analysis show a close competition between reverse osmosis and distillation for seawater desalination. The electrodialysis process is justified for the treatment of more dilute brackish water. It is shown that the determination of the driving force associated with exergy destruction occupies a central position in this comparison. The optimal design of the separation surface for minimum cost of energy and surface requirements takes off smoothly from the energetic analysis and sets the basis of a general and powerful approach to optimal system design. A second paper [1] is devoted to the general approach and its extension to cover almost all kinds of industrial processes and their combinations to produce one or more products.