Phylogeography of Japanese alpine plants: biogeographic importance of alpine region of Central Honshu in Japan
Phylogeography of Japanese alpine plants: biogeographic importance of alpine region of Central Honshu in Japan
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作者：
Fujii, N;Senni, K
通过5种植物的研究，初步总结了日本高山植物种内cpDNA变异的地理分布格局。这5种植物分别是马先蒿、月见草属、豆蔻属和自花银莲属。CpDNA非编码区的核苷酸序列识别这些物种中的多种cpDNA单倍型。对这些单倍型的系统发育分析表明，有两到三个主要的cpDNA分支；每个分支在日本北部和日本中部都有明显的分离分布模式。在日本本州中部特有的最南端的分支在所有种中都被发现(中部本州分支)。我们估计，在最后一次冰期(分别为60万年前和47万年前)之前，马先蒿和楔叶报春的主要分支是从一个共同的祖先中分离出来的。我们推测，在本州中部观察到的cpDNA分支的常见分布模式是由动态气候变化(如更新世的冰川事件)形成的，本州中部的高山地区在温暖的间冰期是高山植物的避难所。
A preliminary synthesis of the geographic distribution patterns of intraspecific cpDNA variations in Japanese alpine plants is presented by studying five species, namely, Pedicularis chamissonis, Primula cuneifolia, Loiseleuria procumbens, Cardamine nipponica, and Anemone narcissiflora. Nucleotide sequences of the noncoding regions of cpDNA recognized multiple cpDNA haplotypes in these species. Phylogenetic analyses of these haplotypes suggest two or three major cpDNA clades; each clade has a clearly disjunct distribution pattern in the northern parts of Japan, and in the central parts of Japan. The southernmost clades endemic to central Honshu in Japan were found in all the species (Central Honshu clade). We estimate that the major clades of Pedicularis chamissonis and Primula cuneifolia separated from a common ancestor before the last glacial period (> 0.6 and 0.47 million years ago, respectively). We speculate that the common distribution patterns of the cpDNA clades observed in central Honshu were formed by dynamic climatic changes (e.g., glacial events in the Pleistocene) and that the alpine regions of central Honshu acted as refugia for alpine plants during warm interglacial periods.