The concentrations of arsenic and other toxic elements in Bangladesh's drinking water.
The concentrations of arsenic and other toxic elements in Bangladesh's drinking water.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.021101147
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发表时间：
2002-11
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Sarkar, Bibudhendra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frisbie, Seth H;Ortega, Richard;Maynard, Donald M;Sarkar, Bibudhendra
孟加拉国人民过去依赖地表水饮用水，而地表水经常被细菌污染，导致腹泻、霍乱、伤寒和其他危及生命的疾病。为了减少这些疾病的发病率，自1971年独立以来，孟加拉国安装了数百万个管井。最近从地表水到地下水的过渡大大减少了水媒病原体造成的死亡;然而，新的证据表明，地下水中的砷和其他有毒元素造成的疾病和死亡正在影响孟加拉国的大片地区。在这次评价中，面积和垂直分布的砷和29个其他无机化学品在地下水中确定了整个孟加拉国。这项研究的30个分析物，每个样本和112个样本表明，饮用孟加拉国的管井水最显着的健康风险是慢性砷中毒。砷浓度范围为< 0.0007 ~ 0.64 mg/L，48%的样品超过世界卫生组织饮用水指南0.01 mg/L。此外，这项研究揭示了锰（Mn），铅（Pb），镍（Ni）和铬（Cr）的不安全水平。我们的调查还表明，地下水的砷，锰，铅，镍和铬的不安全水平可能会超出孟加拉国的边界到四个相邻的和人口稠密的国家在印度。除了个别毒素的健康风险，可能的多金属协同和抑制作用进行了讨论。在这项研究的98%的样品中检测到锑，并放大了砷的毒性作用。相比之下，硒和锌在孟加拉国的大部分地区低于我们的检测限，并防止砷的毒性作用。
For drinking water, the people of Bangladesh used to rely on surface water, which was often contaminated with bacteria causing diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, and other life-threatening diseases. To reduce the incidences of these diseases, millions of tubewells were installed in Bangladesh since independence in 1971. This recent transition from surface water to groundwater has significantly reduced deaths from waterborne pathogens; however, new evidence suggests disease and death from arsenic (As) and other toxic elements in groundwater are affecting large areas of Bangladesh. In this evaluation, the areal and vertical distribution of As and 29 other inorganic chemicals in groundwater were determined throughout Bangladesh. This study of 30 analytes per sample and 112 samples suggests that the most significant health risk from drinking Bangladesh's tubewell water is chronic As poisoning. The As concentration ranged from < 0.0007 to 0.64 mg/L, with 48% of samples above the 0.01 mg/L World Health Organization drinking water guideline. Furthermore, this study reveals unsafe levels of manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr). Our survey also suggests that groundwater with unsafe levels of As, Mn, Pb, Ni, and Cr may extend beyond Bangladesh's border into the four adjacent and densely populated states in India. In addition to the health risks from individual toxins, possible multimetal synergistic and inhibitory effects are discussed. Antimony was detected in 98% of the samples from this study and magnifies the toxic effects of As. In contrast, Se and Zn were below our detection limits in large parts of Bangladesh and prevent the toxic effects of As.