Synergistic Interactions between Urban Heat Islands and Heat Waves: The Impact in Cities Is Larger than the Sum of Its Parts*
Synergistic Interactions between Urban Heat Islands and Heat Waves: The Impact in Cities Is Larger than the Sum of Its Parts*
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DOI：
10.1175/jamc-d-13-02.1
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Bou-Zeid, Elie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Dan;Bou-Zeid, Elie
众所周知，城市比周围的农村地区更热；这种现象被称为城市热岛。热浪是城市和农村气温显著上升的酷热时期。然而，城市和农村的气温对热浪的反应是否相同，仍然是一个关键的悬而未决的问题。在这项研究中，观测分析和模拟分析相结合，表明城市热岛和热浪之间存在协同效应。也就是说，热浪不仅会增加环境温度，还会加剧城乡温差。因此，城市的附加热应力甚至会高于背景城市热岛效应和热浪效应的总和。这里给出的结果还将热浪对城市地区的这种额外影响归因于城市地区缺乏地表湿度和与热浪相关的低风速。鉴于热浪预计将变得更加频繁，城市人口大幅增加，这些发现突显了21世纪城市居民面临的与高温有关的严重健康风险。适应和缓解战略将需要共同努力重塑城市，允许更多的绿色空间和更少的对自然水循环的破坏。
Cities are well known to be hotter than the rural areas that surround them; this phenomenon is called the urban heat island. Heat waves are excessively hot periods during which the air temperatures of both urban and rural areas increase significantly. However, whether urban and rural temperatures respond in the same way to heat waves remains a critical unanswered question. In this study, a combination of observational and modeling analyses indicates synergies between urban heat islands and heat waves. That is, not only do heat waves increase the ambient temperatures, but they also intensify the difference between urban and rural temperatures. As a result, the added heat stress in cities will be even higher than the sum of the background urban heat island effect and the heat wave effect. Results presented here also attribute this added impact of heat waves on urban areas to the lack of surface moisture in urban areas and the low wind speed associated with heat waves. Given that heat waves are projected to become more frequent and that urban populations are substantially increasing, these findings underline the serious heat-related health risks facing urban residents in the twenty-first century. Adaptation and mitigation strategies will require joint efforts to reinvent the city, allowing for more green spaces and lesser disruption of the natural water cycle.