Social capital as a double-edged sword for sustained poverty escapes in Ethiopia
Social capital as a double-edged sword for sustained poverty escapes in Ethiopia
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社会资本是埃塞俄比亚持续脱贫的双刃剑
DOI：
10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105969
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Woldehanna T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Woldehanna T
是什么使社会资本能够为持续脱贫做出贡献？什么可以弥补阻碍脱贫途径的不利社会规范的负面影响？本文试图通过分析三轮埃塞俄比亚社会经济调查（2011/12、2013/14 和 2015/16）以及提格雷、阿姆哈拉、奥罗米亚和 SNNPR 的实地考察（包括焦点小组讨论、生活史访谈和关键知情人访谈）来回答埃塞俄比亚的这些问题。研究发现，能够持续摆脱贫困的家庭通常拥有物质财富、人力、政治和社会资本的组合，所有这些都以有利的环境为基础，这些因素包括不断发展的教育体系和有利于穷人的政治解决方案。富裕家庭能够在冲击期间利用社会资本，否则可能会导致福祉下降。然而，维持社会资本的社会事件可能是一把双刃剑。家庭可能会在婚礼、葬礼、孩子的洗礼和生日以及新房落成典礼上花费很多。在组织这些节日时，人们期望互惠互利，但贫困家庭很难维持这些节日。因此，一些人接受信贷并负债累累，另一些人出售牲畜并限制了他们应对冲击的能力，一些年轻人还被迫移徙以赚取收入来偿还家庭债务。基于这些发现，提出了政策建议，例如通过促进对移民风险和缓解这些风险的公众讨论、基于团体的保险来帮助支持宴会成本，以及扩大PSNP转移支付的范围以认识到特殊冲击的重要性。
What enables social capital to contribute to sustained poverty escapes, and what could compensate for the negative effects of adverse social norms that inhibit pathways out of poverty? This paper seeks to answer these questions in Ethiopia by analysing three rounds of the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey (2011/12, 2013/14, and 2015/16) alongside fieldwork in Tigray, Amhara, Oromia, and SNNPR comprising focus group discussions, life history interviews, and key informant interviews. The study finds that families able to sustain poverty escapes typically possess a combination of material wealth, human, political and social capital, all underpinned by an enabling environment marked by factors including an evolving education system and pro-poor political settlement. Better-off households are then able to draw on social capital during shocks that could otherwise precipitate declines in wellbeing.However, the social events which sustain social capital can be a double-edged sword. Families may spend much on weddings, funerals, children’s christenings and birthdays, and inaugurations of newly houses. Reciprocity is expected when organizing these feasts, which poor families find difficult to maintain. Accordingly, some take credit and become indebted, others sell livestock and limit their ability to cope with shocks, and some young people are also forced to migrate to generate income to settle family debt. Based on these findings, policy suggestions are offered, such as through promoting public discussion of migration risks and mitigation of these risks, group-based insurance to help support costs for feasts, and expanding the scope of PSNP transfers to recognize the importance of idiosyncratic shocks.
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DOI：
10.4314/eje.v25i2
发表时间：
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期刊：
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影响因子：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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