Catastrophic landslide induced by Typhoon Morakot, Shiaolin, Taiwan
Catastrophic landslide induced by Typhoon Morakot, Shiaolin, Taiwan
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.013
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发表时间：
2011-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
C. Tsou;Zheng-Yi Feng;M. Chigira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Tsou;Zheng-Yi Feng;M. Chigira
2009年8月9日，台风莫拉克在台湾南部引发灾难性致命的小林山体滑坡，造成400多人伤亡。我们进行了地质和地貌调查，目的是重建导致这次山体滑坡的事件，并查明导致山体滑坡发展的因素。受台风影响，3天左右累计降雨量达1676.5 mm，规模25×106m~3的石林滑坡发生在雨强峰值后1天。滑坡发生在晚中新世至早上新世沉积岩之上的倾斜坡上，由粉质页岩、块状泥岩和砂岩组成。它最初是滑坡区域上三分之一的岩石滑坡，然后变成了岩石雪崩，穿过一系列梯田，使下面的村庄流离失所或被掩埋。它掩埋了赤山河的河床，冲上了对面的斜坡，形成了一座60米高的滑坡大坝，大约1小时24分钟后决口，淹没了村庄。滑坡速度为2 0.4~33.7ms−1，表观摩擦角为14°，具有较高的流动性。源区的滑脱由层理和节理或断层的组合组成。滑坡之前是重力变形，滑坡前表现为凹凸不平的地貌，滑坡发生后露出褶皱。滑坡沉积物由泥岩、页岩和砂岩的碎片以及底部的粘土物质组成。这种粘土材料，由伊利石、绿泥石、石英、长石和方解石组成，被认为对长而快的跳动有很大影响。
Typhoon Morakot induced the catastrophic and deadly Shiaolin landslide in southern Taiwan on 9 August 2009, resulting in more than 400 casualties. We undertook a geological and geomorphological investigation with the aim of reconstructing the events leading up to this landslide and to clarify factors that contributed to its development. Cumulative rainfall reached up to 1676.5mm in about three days under the influence of the typhoon, and the Shiaolin landslide, with a volume of 25×106m3, occurred one day after the peak in rainfall intensity. The landslide occurred on a dip slope overlying late Miocene to early Pliocene sedimentary rocks consisting of silty shale, massive mudstone, and sandstone. It started as a rockslide in the upper third of the landslide area and transformed into a rock avalanche that crossed a series of terraces and displaced or buried the village below. It buried the riverbed of the Chishan River and ran up the opposite slope, creating a landslide dam 60m high, which was breached about 1h and 24min later, flooding the village. The velocity of the landslide is estimated to have been 20.4 to 33.7ms−1and its apparent friction angle was 14°, which indicates its high mobility. The detachments in the source area consist of combinations of bedding planes and joints or faults. The landslide was preceded by gravitational deformation, which appeared as hummocky landforms before the landslide and as buckle folds exposed after the event. The landslide deposits consist of fragments of mudstone, shale, and sandstone, as well as clayey material at its base. This clayey material, consisting of illite, chlorite, quartz, feldspar, and calcite, is assumed to have strongly influenced the long, rapid runout.