Do black holes create polyamory?
Do black holes create polyamory?
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DOI：
10.1007/jhep11(2018)045
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发表时间：
2018-11-07
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Smolin, John A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grudka, Andrzej;Hall, Michael J. W.;Smolin, John A.
当然不是，但如果人们相信量子引力理论中的信息不能被破坏，那么当我们考虑蒸发黑洞时，我们就会遇到与量子理论的明显矛盾。即违反了不可克隆定理或纠缠一夫一妻制原则。在这里，我们证明这两种违反都不需要成立，因为在争论黑洞导致克隆或非一夫一妻制时，我们需要假设时空两点之间的张量积结构，而这可以被视为因果关系。在后一种情况下，人们违反了空间的半经典因果结构，这与克隆或非一夫一妻制相比是严格较弱的含义。这是因为克隆和非一夫一妻制也会导致半古典因果结构的崩溃。我们证明，在蒸发的时空中出现的一夫一妻制的缺乏是量子力学所允许的，并且非常自然地与在单个系统的后续时间实例中执行的测量输出的相关性的缺乏一夫一妻制相关。这是由于时间相关性和纠缠之间有趣的二元性。一个特殊的例子是霍洛维茨-马尔达西纳提案，我们认为它不一定会导致克隆或违反纠缠一夫一妻制。对于似乎正在离开黑洞的系统的测量，我们引入了时间乘积的概念，并认为它与张量乘积一样是测量的自然选择。对于黑洞来说，张量和时间乘积具有相同的测量统计量，但会导致不同类型的非一夫一妻制相关性，前者在量子理论中是被禁止的，而后者是允许的。在 AMPS 防火墙实验中，我们发现纠缠结构被修改，并且必须在坠落的霍金伴侣和早期传出的霍金辐射之间存在纠缠，这令人惊讶地抑制了对纠缠一夫一妻制的违反。
Of course not, but if one believes that information cannot be destroyed in a theory of quantum gravity, then we run into apparent contradictions with quantum theory when we consider evaporating black holes. Namely that the no-cloning theorem or the principle of entanglement monogamy is violated. Here, we show that neither violation need hold, since, in arguing that black holes lead to cloning or non-monogamy, one needs to assume a tensor product structure between two points in space-time that could instead be viewed as causally connected. In the latter case, one is violating the semi-classical causal structure of space, which is a strictly weaker implication than cloning or non-monogamy. This is because both cloning and non-monogamy also lead to a break-down of the semi-classical causal structure. We show that the lack of monogamy that can emerge in evaporating space times is one that is allowed in quantum mechanics, and is very naturally related to a lack of monogamy of correlations of outputs of measurements performed at subsequent instances of time of a single system. This is due to an interesting duality between temporal correlations and entanglement. A particular example of this is the Horowitz-Maldacena proposal, and we argue that it needn't lead to cloning or violations of entanglement monogamy. For measurements on systems which appear to be leaving a black hole, we introduce the notion of the temporal product, and argue that it is just as natural a choice for measurements as the tensor product. For black holes, the tensor and temporal products have the same measurement statistics, but result in different type of non-monogamy of correlations, with the former being forbidden in quantum theory while the latter is allowed. In the case of the AMPS firewall experiment we find that the entanglement structure is modified, and one must have entanglement between the infalling Hawking partners and early time outgoing Hawking radiation which surprisingly tames the violation of entanglement monogamy.