Physiological inputs regulate species-specific anatomy during embryogenesis and regeneration.
Physiological inputs regulate species-specific anatomy during embryogenesis and regeneration.
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DOI：
10.1080/19420889.2016.1192733
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发表时间：
2016-07
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Levin M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sullivan KG;Emmons-Bell M;Levin M
进化发育生物学的一个关键问题是确定决定种特异性解剖模式的指导信息的来源。了解大规模形态学的输入对于在再生医学和合成生物工程中操纵模式形成的努力也至关重要。最近的研究揭示了细胞之间的生理通信系统，在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物模型的胚胎发生和再生过程中调节模式。躯体组织使用与大脑用于信息处理的相同的离子通道、电突触和神经递质机制形成网络。对这些回路的实验操作最近被证明可以覆盖基因组默认模式的结果，导致头部形状类似于其他物种的扁虫和爪蟾。尽管有野生型基因组序列，但能够大幅改变其他现存物种的宏观解剖结构，这表明了理解和控制模式的令人兴奋的新方法。在这里，我们回顾了这些结果，并讨论了关于非基因组系统的指导信息，确定生物生长和形式的假设。
A key problem in evolutionary developmental biology is identifying the sources of instructive information that determine species-specific anatomical pattern. Understanding the inputs to large-scale morphology is also crucial for efforts to manipulate pattern formation in regenerative medicine and synthetic bioengineering. Recent studies have revealed a physiological system of communication among cells that regulates pattern during embryogenesis and regeneration in vertebrate and invertebrate models. Somatic tissues form networks using the same ion channels, electrical synapses, and neurotransmitter mechanisms exploited by the brain for information-processing. Experimental manipulation of these circuits was recently shown to override genome default patterning outcomes, resulting in head shapes resembling those of other species in planaria and Xenopus. The ability to drastically alter macroscopic anatomy to that of other extant species, despite a wild-type genomic sequence, suggests exciting new approaches to the understanding and control of patterning. Here, we review these results and discuss hypotheses regarding non-genomic systems of instructive information that determine biological growth and form.