An anthropology of the social contract: The political power of an idea
An anthropology of the social contract: The political power of an idea
复制标题
社会契约的人类学：思想的政治力量
DOI：
10.1177/0308275x221120168
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Miranda Sheild Johansson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gwen Burnyeat;Miranda Sheild Johansson
社会契约的概念在许多社会中产生共鸣，作为一个框架来概念化国家与社会的关系，并作为一个规范性的理想，努力改善它们。政策制定者、发展组织、政治家、社会科学家（包括人类学家）和我们的对话者都生活在契约主义逻辑中。虽然几代政治哲学家都在讨论这个概念及其实用性，但这个词也超越了学术界，进入了更广阔的世界，塑造了人们对国家与社会关系的期望、经验和想象中的未来。社会契约的人类学探讨了这种普遍存在的概念，充满了对人性，政治组织，政府以及自由，共识和合法性等概念的假设，如何在不同的环境中影响国家-社会关系。这样，社会契约本身--它的许多主位例证及其政治效果--就成为研究的对象。
The idea of the social contract resonates in many societies as a framework to conceptualise state–society relations, and as a normative ideal which strives to improve them. Policy-makers, development organisations, politicians, social scientists (including anthropologists), and our interlocutors all live with contractarian logics. While generations of political philosophers have debated the concept and its usefulness, the term has also travelled beyond academia into the wider world, shaping expectations, experiences, and imagined futures of state–society relations. An anthropology of the social contract explores ethnographically how this pervasive concept, laden with assumptions about human nature, political organisation, government, and notions such as freedom, consensus and legitimacy, impacts state–society relations in different settings. In this way, the social contract itself – its many emic instantiations, and its political effects – becomes the object of study.