Central pattern generator for escape swimming in the Notaspid sea slug Pleurobranchaea californica
Central pattern generator for escape swimming in the Notaspid sea slug Pleurobranchaea californica
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.1999.81.2.654
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发表时间：
1999-02-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Gillette, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jing, J;Gillette, R
在notaspid opisthobranchaPleurobranchaea逃生游泳是一个插曲交替背腹身体屈曲，凌驾于所有其他行为。我们已经探索了中央模式发生器（CPG）的结构在胸膜神经节的神经网络相互作用的研究的一部分，在正常行为的决策。CPG包括至少八个双边配对的中间神经元，每个中间神经元都对游泳节律有贡献并锁相。背屈是介导的hemiganglion合奏的四个降钙素免疫反应神经元，作为1，作为2，作为3，和作为4，和一个电耦合对，A1和A10细胞。当刺激时，A10命令在隔离的CNS中的虚拟游泳和在整个动物中的实际游泳行为。AS 1 -4提供延长的神经调节兴奋，增强背屈爆发和游泳周期数。腹侧屈曲由A3细胞和腹侧游泳中间神经元I-VS介导，I-VS的索马体尚未定位。游泳发作的启动开始于A10的持续放电，随后招募As 1 -4和Al进入背屈。在As 1 -4系综和与A1/A10的经常性激发可以加强共活性。A1/A10和As 4对之间的电耦合，以及单侧As 2 -4之间的电耦合，以及对侧As 1 -4组之间的相互化学激发，促进了游泳中间神经元伙伴之间的同步性和双边协调。从背侧到腹侧屈曲的转换与A3的延迟募集相一致，A3电耦合到Al，并且与从A3/I-VS到A1/A10的复发性抑制相一致。交替相位关系可以加强相互抑制之间的As 1 -4和I-VS。侧鳃类的游泳类似的裸鳃类Tritonia，我们发现，CPGs是相似的，在许多细节，这表明，行为和网络是原始字符来自一个共同的侧鳃类祖先。
Escape swimming in the notaspid opisthobranch Pleurobranchaea is an episode of alternating dorsal and ventral body flexions that overrides all other behaviors. We have explored the structure of the central pattern generator (CPG) in the cerebropleural ganglion as part of a study of neural network interactions underlying decision making in normal behavior. The CPG comprises at least eight bilaterally paired interneurons, each of which contributes and is phase-locked to the swim rhythm. Dorsal flexion is mediated by hemiganglion ensembles of four serotonin-immunoreactive neurons, the As1, As2, As3, and As4, and an electrically coupled pair, the A1 and A10 cells. When stimulated, A10 commands fictive swimming in the isolated CNS and actual swimming behavior in whole animals. As1-4 provide prolonged, neuromodulatory excitation enhancing dorsal flexion bursts and swim cycle number. Ventral flexion is mediated by the A3 cell and a ventral swim interneuron, I-VS, the soma of which is yet unlocated. Initiation of a swim episode begins with persistent firing in A10, followed by recruitment of As1-4 and Al into dorsal flexion. Recurrent excitation within the As1-4 ensemble and with A1/A10 may reinforce coactivity. Synchrony among swim interneuron partners and bilateral coordination is promoted by electrical coupling among the A1/A10 and As4 pairs, and among unilateral As2-4, and reciprocal chemical excitation between contralateral As1-4 groups. The switch from dorsal to ventral flexion coincides with delayed recruitment of A3, which is coupled electrically to Al, and with recurrent inhibition from A3/I-VS to A1/A10. The alternating phase relation may be reinforced by reciprocal inhibition between As1-4 and I-VS. Pleurobranchaea's swim resembles that of the nudibranch Tritonia; we find that the CPGs are similar in many details, suggesting that the behavior and network are primitive characters derived from a common pleurobranchid ancestor.