Extra-Pair Copulations in Black-Capped Chickadees: the Role of the Female
Extra-Pair Copulations in Black-Capped Chickadees: the Role of the Female
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DOI：
10.1163/156853988x00160
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Susan M. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Susan M. Smith
额外对交配（EPC）的行为观察到在三个居民，色带种群的黑帽山雀。因为这些种群是非迁徙的，所以我能够在每个繁殖季节之前的几个月里确定所有相关个体（雌性、它们的配偶和其他雄性）的相对冬季等级。在14年中，共观察到13例EPCs，包括12例女性和10例“其他”男性。这十三个NPC，每一个都有一个等级比自己高的男性。没有一个女性与一个阿尔法男性配对被认为参与了EPC。只有4个观察到的EPC发生在女性自己的领土;其他9个都发生在其他男性的领土。因此，这些雌性显然是进入这些领土与这些居民雄性交配。除了一次外，所有的EPC都发生在黎明前的一个小时内，尽管WPC在一天中的任何时间都有可能发生。至少有4个观察到的EPCs发生在女性的生育期。没有看到强迫EPC尝试。在像山雀这样的常驻物种中，雌性有机会了解所有邻近雄性相对于自己配偶的相对等级，雌性可能会定期采取寻找具有上级伴侣的EPC的策略。虽然等级较低的雄性可能会因为配偶的EPC而遭受暂时的损失，但如果他活得足够长，每个雄性都有机会获得阿尔法等级。一旦达到阿尔法等级，一个男性可能会与更多的EPCs接触，同时拥有一个不再在其他地方寻找EPCs的伴侣。
Extra-pair copulation (EPC) behaviour was observed in three resident, colour-banded populations of black-capped chickadees. Because these populations were nonmigratory, I was able to determine the relative winter rank of all individuals involved (the females, their mates, and the other males) in the months prior to each breeding season. Over 14 years, a total of 13 EPCs, involving 12 females and 10 'other' males, were seen. Every one of the 13 EPCs was with a male ranked higher than the female's own mate. No female that was paired with an alpha male was ever seen engaging in an EPC. Only 4 observed EPCs occurred in the female's own territory; the other 9 all took place in the territory of the other male. Hence these females had apparently entered those territories to copulate with those resident males. All but one of the EPCs occurred within an hour of dawn, although WPCs are about equally likely to occur at any time of day. At least 4 of the observed EPCs occurred during the female's fertile period. No forced EPC attempts were seen. In resident species like chickadees, where females have the opportunity to learn the relative rank of all neighbouring males with respect to her own mate, females may regularly pursue the strategy of seeking out EPCs with superior partners. While lower-ranked males may suffer temporary losses through the EPCs of their mates, each male has some chance of attaining alpha rank if he lives long enough. Once at alpha rank, a male will likely engage in more EPCs, while having a mate that will no longer seek EPCs elsewhere.