Bringing down the wall one brick at a time.
Bringing down the wall one brick at a time.
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一次一块砖拆墙。
DOI：
10.1111/nph.15052
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gómez LD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gómez LD
替代燃料和化学品原料的化石来源的目标仍然是大多数国家议程中的重要议题；然而，过去十年的低油价影响了这一目标的实现。在油价还不到 10 年前一半的情况下，将木质纤维素生物质转化为糖的成本高昂，使得生物质衍生燃料的想法不再那么有吸引力。然而，与温室气体排放明确相关的极端气候事件正在以损害人类经济活动的速度发生，而且这种情况可能会随着时间的推移而恶化。为了提高从木质纤维素生物质生产可持续低碳生物燃料的经济性，一项研究重点是开发一种作物，其中木质组织更容易消化成单糖，而不会影响其田间性能。草在这方面尤其重要，因为它们包括全球种植的大多数主要作物（提供丰富的木质纤维素残留物）以及主要的专用生物质作物。木质素在决定木质纤维素生物质的消化顽抗性方面发挥着重要作用（例如，参见 Marriott 等人，2016 年的综述）。然而，最近的研究强调了复杂阿拉伯木聚糖 (AX) 的羟基肉桂酸残基（特别是阿魏酸 (FA)）在确定草生物质消化率方面的重要性。在本期《新植物学家》中，de Souza 等人（第 81-93 页）提出了重要结果，证明了将 FA 引入 AX 的基因。
The aim of replacing fossil sources of feedstock for fuels and chemicals remains high in the agenda of most countries; however, the low price of oil experienced in the last decade has compromised the delivery of this aim. The high costs of converting lignocellulosic biomass into sugars has made the idea of biomass-derived fuels less attractive in a context where oil prices are less than half of what they were 10years ago. However, extreme climatic events unequivocally associated with greenhouse gasses emissions are occurring at a pace that compromises human economic activity, and this is likely to worsen with time. For improving the economics of producing sustainable low-carbon biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass, one research priority is the development of crops in which the woody tissues are more easily digested into simple sugars in a manner that does not compromise their field performance. Grasses are particularly important in this regard, as they include most of the staple crops grown globally (providing abundant lignocellulosic residues), as well as major dedicated biomass crops. Lignin plays a major role in determining the recalcitrance to digestion in lignocellulosic biomass (see, for example, review in Marriott et al., 2016). However, recent studies have highlighted the importance of hydroxycinnamic acid residues (particularly ferulic acid (FA)) of complex arabinoxylans (AXs), in determining the digestibility of grass biomass. In this issue of New Phytologist, de Souza et al.(pp. 81–93) present significant results that demonstrate the genes that introduce FA to AXs.