Cancer screening and risk-reducing behaviors of women seeking genetic cancer risk assessment for breast and ovarian cancers.
Cancer screening and risk-reducing behaviors of women seeking genetic cancer risk assessment for breast and ovarian cancers.
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DOI：
10.1188/06.onf.e27-e35
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发表时间：
2006-11-03
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Weitzel, Jeffrey N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MacDonald, Deborah J;Sarna, Linda;Weitzel, Jeffrey N
目的/目的：研究乳腺癌和卵巢癌筛查和寻求遗传性癌症风险评估（GCRA）的妇女降低风险的行为。设计：描述性，横断面。设置：一个保险为基础的诊所，在南加州癌症中心的高风险患者。样本：134名妇女与乳腺癌或卵巢癌（受影响组）和80名妇女与乳腺癌或卵巢癌的家族史（未受影响组）。样本的平均年龄为48岁（范围= 21-86），79%为白人，66%已婚，60%受过大学教育，78%有孩子。大多数受影响的妇女患有早期疾病。未受影响的妇女有乳腺癌（86%）或卵巢癌（14%）的家族史。方法：邮寄调查评估前GCRA的健康行为和健康和家族史。主要研究变量：乳腺癌筛查（乳房X光检查、临床乳房检查[CBE]、乳房自我检查）、卵巢癌筛查（CA-125，盆腔超声），以及乳腺癌和卵巢癌风险降低策略（他莫昔芬、双侧乳房切除术、口服避孕药、双侧输卵管卵巢切除术）。21%应该进行乳房X光检查的妇女没有按照建议进行年度检查，30%的受影响妇女没有进行年度CBE。很少有妇女服用他莫昔芬或口服避孕药或进行双侧输卵管卵巢切除术或双侧乳房切除术以降低癌症风险。12%的人可能进行了不必要的卵巢癌筛查。约35%的人使用其他手段，包括草药和顺势疗法，为cancerprevention.CONCLUSIONS：近三分之一的受影响的妇女没有适当的乳腺癌筛查。大约12%的人使用未经证实的、可能有害的癌症“预防”措施（例如，护理的含义：护士应该评估客户的个人和家庭乳腺癌和卵巢癌病史，并促进癌症筛查和适合年龄和风险水平的降低风险的行为。
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To examine breast and ovarian cancer screening and risk-reducing behaviors of women seeking genetic cancer risk assessment (GCRA).DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional.SETTING: An insurance-based clinic that serves high-risk patients in a southern California cancer center.SAMPLE: 134 women with breast or ovarian cancer (affected group) and 80 women with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer (unaffected group). The mean age of the sample was 48 years (range = 21-86), 79% were Caucasian, 66% were married, 60% were college educated, and 78% had children. Most affected women had early-stage disease. Unaffected women had a family history of breast (86%) or ovarian (14%) cancer.METHODS: Mailed surveys assessed pre-GCRA health behaviors and health and family histories.MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Breast cancer screening (mammograms, clinical breast examination [CBE], breast self-examination), ovarian cancer screening (CA-125, pelvic ultrasound), and breast and ovarian cancer risk-reducing strategies (tamoxifen, bilateral mastectomy, oral contraceptive pills, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy).FINDINGS: Twenty-one percent of the women who should have been having a mammogram had not had an annual examination as recommended, and 30% of affected women had not had annual CBEs. Few women took tamoxifen or oral contraceptive pills or had a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or bilateral mastectomy for cancer risk reduction. Twelve percent likely had unnecessary ovarian cancer screening. About 35% used other means, including herbs and homeopathy, for cancer prevention.CONCLUSIONS: Nearly a third of the affected women had not had appropriate breast cancer screening. About 12% used unsubstantiated, potentially harmful cancer "prevention" measures (e.g., herbs).IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurses should assess clients' personal and family breast and ovarian cancer histories and promote cancer screening and risk-reducing behaviors that are appropriate for age and risk level.