Relativistic Bose-Einstein condensates: a new system for analogue models of gravity
Relativistic Bose-Einstein condensates: a new system for analogue models of gravity
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DOI：
10.1088/1367-2630/12/9/095012
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发表时间：
2010-09-30
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Trombettoni, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fagnocchi, S.;Finazzi, S.;Trombettoni, A.
在本文中，我们建议将重力和凝聚态物理之间的类比应用于相对论性玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态（RBEC），即由相对论性成分组成的凝聚态。虽然此类系统尚未成为实验实现的主题，但它们确实为我们提供了非常丰富的重力模拟模型，其特点是相对于非相对论模型有几个新颖的特征。相对论凝聚态表现出两种（而不是一种）准粒子激发，一种是无质量的，一种是有质量的，后者在非相对论极限中消失。我们表明，与无质量模式相关的度量是通常声学几何的概括，也允许非共形平坦的空间部分。这是相关的，因为它意味着这些系统可以模拟更广泛的几何形状。最后，虽然在非 RBEC 中，过渡是从洛伦兹相对论到伽利略相对论，但这些系统代表了一种新兴的重力玩具模型，其中在低能和高能下都存在洛伦兹对称性（尽管具有不同的极限速度）。因此，它们可以用作测试场，以更好地理解这种中等能量洛伦兹破坏的温和形式的现象学含义。
In this paper we propose to apply the analogy between gravity and condensed matter physics to relativistic Bose-Einstein condensates (RBECs), i.e. condensates composed by relativistic constituents. While such systems are not yet a subject of experimental realization, they do provide us with a very rich analogue model of gravity, characterized by several novel features with respect to their non-relativistic counterpart. Relativistic condensates exhibit two (rather than one) quasi-particle excitations, a massless and a massive one, the latter disappearing in the non-relativistic limit. We show that the metric associated with the massless mode is a generalization of the usual acoustic geometry allowing also for non-conformally flat spatial sections. This is relevant, as it implies that these systems can allow the simulation of a wider variety of geometries. Finally, while in non-RBECs the transition is from Lorentzian to Galilean relativity, these systems represent an emergent gravity toy model where Lorentz symmetry is present (albeit with different limit speeds) at both low and high energies. Hence they could be used as a test field for better understanding the phenomenological implications of such a milder form of Lorentz violation at intermediate energies.