IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COATING TECHNIQUE OF RADIOAUTOGRAPHY
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COATING TECHNIQUE OF RADIOAUTOGRAPHY
复制标题
放射自拍照涂层技术的改进
DOI：
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发表时间：
1962
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. P. Leblond
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Kopriwa;C. P. Leblond
Messier和Leblond在1958年提出的用于放射自显影的涂层技术--对液体乳剂方法的最新改进--进行了研究，希望消除伪影，并发现可靠的定量放射自显影的最佳条件。通过对各种可用的本体乳液的性质的综述，得出结论，NTB 2本体乳液是最合适的。介绍了乳液的正确处理（运输、储存和测试操作），以及改进的涂层技术的细节。比较了这种方法与其他最广泛使用的剥离膜技术。改进后的涂层技术的主要特点如下：1.放射自显影可使用各种固定剂。Zenker和其他可能的含汞固定剂不可靠，但可以在完全去除汞盐后使用。2.将切片浸入火棉胶中可防止组织被乳剂浸润，但在其他方面是不必要的，并且在日常工作中可以省略。3.通过在40°C下将切片浸入无气泡乳液中进行乳液涂布。4.包衣制剂的干燥最好通过在28°C和80%相对湿度下将其保持在润湿的薄纸上垂直来完成。5.暴露在4°C的干燥气氛中进行。6.加工在17-18°C下进行，因为即使温度稍微升高，背景雾也会增加，并降低乳液的效率。D-72（Dektol）的最佳显影时间为2分钟，D-170（Dolmi）为6分钟，D-178为3分钟。对于定影，使用酸性定影剂和硬化剂（或24%海波）3分钟可获得最佳效果。7.安装是通过连续浸泡在酒精雪松油混合物，二甲苯，香脂混合物，香脂。Malinol可以取代香脂。从这些观察所产生的改进的涂层技术进行了测试，其定量响应，测量颗粒计数。该技术用于定量放射自显影的适用性通过以下事实得到证明：反应强度与暴露量成比例，对于苏木精-柯辛染色切片至少80天，对于未染色切片1年。背景随时间缓慢增加，但C14标记切片的增加速度比H3标记切片快。总之，使用NTB 2乳液的改进的包衣技术现在相当令人满意。下一个重大改进将是为工业提供具有标准化灵敏度和恒定低雾水平的乳剂。然而，在目前的状态下，它是一种方便的方法，允许制备大量的高质量的放射自显影照片，并且非常适合于定量放射自显影所需的颗粒计数。
The 1958 coating technique of Messier and Leblond for radioautography—the most recent modification of the liquid emulsion method—was investigated in the hope of eliminating artefacts and discovering the optimum conditions for reliable quantitative radioautography. From a review of the properties of the various bulk emulsions available, it is concluded that NTB2 bulk emulsion is the most suitable. The proper handling of the emulsion (transportation, storage and testing operations) is described, as well as the details of an improved coating techniqe. Comparison is made of this method with the other most widely used, the strippingfilm technique. The main features of the improved coating technique are as follows: 1. Various fixatives may be used for radioautography. Zenker and presumably other mercury-containing fixatives are unreliable, but can be used after complete removal of mercury salts. 2. Dipping the sections into celloidin prevents the infiltration of the tissue by emulsion, but is otherwise unnecessary and may be omitted for routine work. 3. Emulsion coating is done by dipping sections in a bubble-free emulsion at 40°C. 4. Drying of the coated preparations is best accomplished by keeping them vertical over moistened tissue paper at 28°C and 80% relative humidity. 5. Exposure is done in a dry atmosphere at 4°C. 6. Processing is carried out at 17-18°C, as even a slight rise in temperature increases the background fog and decreases the efficiency of the emulsion. The optimal duration of development is 2 minutes for D-72 (Dektol), 6 minutes for D-l70 (Dolmi) and 3 minutes for D-178. For fixation, best results are obtained using acid fixer with hardener (or 24% hypo) for 3 minutes. 7. Mounting is done by successive immersions in an alcohol-cedar oil mixture, a xylene-balsam mixture, and balsam. Malinol may replace balsam. The improved coating technique arising from these observations was tested for its quantitative response, measured by grain counts. The suitability of the technique for quantitative radioautography is demonstrated by the fact that the reaction intensity is proportional to exposure up to at least 80 days with hematoxylin-cosin stained sections, and 1 year with unstained sections. The background increases slowly with time, but the increase is more rapid on slides with C14-labelled sections than on those labelled with H3. In conclusion, the improved coating technique using the NTB2 emulsion is now quite satisfactory. The next major improvement would be for the industry to provide emulsions with a standardized sensitivity and a constant, low level of fog. Nevertheless, in its present state, it is a convenient method permitting the preparation of large numbers of high quality radioautographs and is well suited to the grain counting required for quantitative radioautography.