South Korea’s Geoeconomic Response to the United States’ Geopolitical Approach
South Korea’s Geoeconomic Response to the United States’ Geopolitical Approach
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韩国对美国地缘政治方针的地缘经济反应
DOI：
10.5539/ass.v16n4p25
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ki
美国的“印度-太平洋战略”本身就涉及地缘政治。自2017年以来，印度-太平洋地区已成为美国外交和安全的重要战略地区。在此背景下，印度-太平洋战略将“亚洲再平衡战略”和“亚太安全联盟”机制延伸到印度洋，同时寻求将中国和印度等新兴国家纳入美国领导的国际秩序。东亚主要国家正在积极利用经济手段推进地缘政治目标--重塑有利于自己的地区秩序。美国在政治、经济和安全方面对中国采取了对抗性和排外性的态度，而东盟则公开表示反对将中国排除在外，以促进包容性。东盟强调了与中国的经济合作，而美国则侧重于军事和安全方面。没有作为印度洋和太平洋之间重要地缘政治纽带的东盟的参与，印度-太平洋战略就不可能取得成功。另一个重要因素是，与支持亚太再平衡的美国前总统奥巴马不同，唐纳德·特朗普总统对印度-太平洋战略没有表现出浓厚的兴趣。与此同时，文在寅总统一直对参与朝鲜半岛或东北亚以外的安全问题持谨慎态度，即加入任何遏制中国的集体行动。目前，韩国正在努力应对地缘政治挑战，表示支持东盟的地缘经济方式。韩国没有选择是否参与美国的印度-太平洋战略，而是在该战略与其“新南方政策”之间寻求共同点。换句话说，新南方政策是一种缓冲区。韩国正在采取地缘经济应对措施，重点是发展地区经济，而不是坚持美国印度-太平洋战略的战略和军事角色。
The United States “Indo-Pacific strategy” itself entails geopolitics. Since 2017, the Indo-Pacific has emerged as a major strategic region for America’s diplomacy and security. Against this backdrop, the Indo-Pacific strategy extends both the “Asia Rebalancing Strategy” and the “Asia-Pacific Security Alliance” regime to the Indian Ocean, while seeking to bring emerging countries, such as China and India, into the U.S.-led international order. Major East Asian countries are actively employing economic means to advance their geopolitical goal -- reshaping the regional order in their own favor. The U.S. has shown a confrontational and exclusionary attitude toward China in terms of politics, economy and security, while the ASEAN has sought to promote inclusiveness by publicly expressing opposition to the exclusion of China. The ASEAN highlighted economic cooperation with China, while the U.S. focused on military and security aspects. The Indo-Pacific strategy will not be able to succeed without the participation of the ASEAN that serves as a crucial geopolitical link between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Another important factor is that unlike former U.S. President Obama, who championed the Asia-Pacific rebalance, President Donald Trump does not show keen interest in the Indo-Pacific strategy. At the same time, President Moon Jae-in has been cautious about engaging in security issues that go beyond the Korean Peninsula or the Northeast Asia -- namely joining in any collective move to contain China. Currently, South Korea is grappling with the geopolitical challenges by expressing support for the ASEAN's geoeconomic approach. Instead of choosing whether to participate in the U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy, South Korea is seeking common ground between the strategy and its “New Southern Policy.” In other words, the New Southern Policy is a kind of buffer zone. South Korea is taking a geoeconomic response that focuses on developing the regional economy rather than adhering to the strategic and military role of the U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy.