Determining effects of area burned and fire severity on carbon cycling and emissions in Siberia
Determining effects of area burned and fire severity on carbon cycling and emissions in Siberia
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1020207710195
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发表时间：
2002-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Ivanova, GA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conard, SG;Sukhinin, AI;Ivanova, GA
俄罗斯北方森林含有约25%的全球陆地生物量，甚至更高比例的枯落物和土壤中储存的碳。火灾每年都会烧毁大片地区，其中大部分是低严重程度的地表火灾，但有关火灾面积以及不同火灾严重程度的影响或程度的数据很少。土地利用、覆盖和干扰模式的变化（例如全球气候变化模型预测的变化）有可能极大地改变北方森林当前的火灾状况，并显着影响全球碳预算。北方地区火灾的范围和全球重要性常常被大大低估。我们根据遥感数据估计 1998 年火灾季节西伯利亚约有 1,330 万公顷土地被烧毁。这比俄罗斯空中森林保护局 (Avialesookhrana) 同期的估计高出约 5 倍。我们估计，1998 年俄罗斯北方森林的火灾约占全球年均森林火灾碳排放量的 14-20%。寒带森林的年平均排放量可能分别相当于加拿大和俄罗斯地区化石燃料排放量的 23-39%。但缺乏准确的数据和模型给这些估计带来了巨大的潜在错误。更好地监测和了解火灾的景观范围和严重程度以及火灾对碳储存、空气化学、植被动态和结构以及森林健康和生产力的影响对于为全球和区域碳循环和大气化学模型提供投入至关重要。
The Russian boreal forest contains about 25% of the global terrestrial biomass, and even a higher percentage of the carbon stored in litter and soils. Fire burns large areas annually, much of it in low-severity surface fires - but data on fire area and impacts or extent of varying fire severity are poor. Changes in land use, cover, and disturbance patterns such as those predicted by global climate change models, have the potential to greatly alter current fire regimes in boreal forests and to significantly impact global carbon budgets. The extent and global importance of fires in the boreal zone have often been greatly underestimated. For the 1998 fire season we estimate from remote sensing data that about 13.3 million ha burned in Siberia. This is about 5 times higher than estimates from the Russian Aerial Forest Protection Service (Avialesookhrana) for the same period. We estimate that fires in the Russian boreal forest in 1998 constituted some 14-20% of average annual global carbon emissions from forest fires. Average annual emissions from boreal zone forests may be equivalent to 23-39% of regional fossil fuel emissions in Canada and Russia, respectively. But the lack of accurate data and models introduces large potential errors into these estimates. Improved monitoring and understanding of the landscape extent and severity of fires and effects of fire on carbon storage, air chemistry, vegetation dynamics and structure, and forest health and productivity are essential to provide inputs into global and regional models of carbon cycling and atmospheric chemistry.