Influence of Sampling Frequency on Estimation of Annual Total Phosphorus and Total Suspended Solids Loads 1
Influence of Sampling Frequency on Estimation of Annual Total Phosphorus and Total Suspended Solids Loads 1
复制标题
采样频率对年度总磷和总悬浮固体负荷估算的影响 1
DOI：
10.1111/j.1752-1688.2012.00684.x
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Stevens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Jones;J. Horsburgh;N. Mesner;R. Ryel;D. Stevens
翻译后摘要：沉积物和营养负荷的测定通常是基于抓斗样品的收集和分析。 传统采样的频率和规律性可能无法代表成分负荷，特别是在水文条件恶劣的系统中。在犹他州小熊河的两个站点，使用连续高频浊度和替代关系来估计总磷和总悬浮固体浓度，并将其与排放量配对以估计年负荷。高频记录随机抽样代表每小时，每天，每周和每月的采样频率，并检查时间的影响，并将由此产生的年度负荷估计值与参考负荷进行比较。更高频率的采样导致更好地近似参考负载的负载估计。偏置的程度是更大的水文响应网站在上游流域，这需要更高的采样频率比下游流域网站，以达到相同的精度水平，在估计的参考负荷。根据现场和水文条件，一天中的小时和一周中的天采样影响负荷估计。还研究了采样频率对确定水质标准遵守情况的影响。这些技术可以帮助确定必要的采样频率，以满足水质监测计划的目标。
Abstract: The determination of sediment and nutrient loads is typically based on the collection and analysis of grab samples. The frequency and regularity of traditional sampling may not provide representation of constituent loading, particularly in systems with flashy hydrology. At two sites in the Little Bear River, Utah, continuous, high‐frequency turbidity was used with surrogate relationships to generate estimates of total phosphorus and total suspended solids concentrations, which were paired with discharge to estimate annual loads. The high frequency records were randomly subsampled to represent hourly, daily, weekly, and monthly sampling frequencies and to examine the effects of timing, and resulting annual load estimates were compared to the reference loads. Higher frequency sampling resulted in load estimates that better approximated the reference loads. The degree of bias was greater at the more hydrologically responsive site in the upper watershed, which required a higher sampling frequency than the lower watershed site to achieve the same level of accuracy in estimating the reference load. The hour of day and day of week of sampling impacted load estimation, depending on site and hydrologic conditions. The effects of sampling frequency on the determination of compliance with a water quality criterion were also examined. These techniques can be helpful in determining necessary sampling frequency to meet the objectives of a water quality monitoring program.