THE STRESSFULNESS OF SEPARATION AMONG 9-MONTH-OLD INFANTS - EFFECTS OF SOCIAL-CONTEXT VARIABLES AND INFANT TEMPERAMENT
THE STRESSFULNESS OF SEPARATION AMONG 9-MONTH-OLD INFANTS - EFFECTS OF SOCIAL-CONTEXT VARIABLES AND INFANT TEMPERAMENT
复制标题
DOI：
10.2307/1131479
复制
发表时间：
1992-04-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
BRODERSEN, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GUNNAR, MR;LARSON, MC;BRODERSEN, L
本文报道了两个实验的结果，这些实验涉及9个月大的人类婴儿对分离的行为和肾上腺皮质反应。 在这两个实验中，分离的社会背景被操纵。 实验1的结果产生了一个统计学上显着的肾上腺皮质反应的证据，30分钟的分离条件下，替代照顾者敏感地回应婴儿的痛苦，但忙碌和相对非互动时，婴儿在分离期间不苦恼。 改变替代照顾者的行为，使她在整个分离过程中保持温暖、反应灵敏和互动，会显著减少肾上腺皮质活动和负面情绪。 事实上，这些措施并没有显着不同时，母亲和婴儿留在一起在游戏室（没有分离）。 在实验2中，采用上述压力较小的替代性护理模式，研究了群体护理与独生子女护理的效果。 在行为困扰和皮质醇方面没有发现显著的条件差异，而且，这两种条件都没有引起皮质醇在基础水平上的显著增加。 最后，这些数据提供的证据表明，产妇报告的婴儿痛苦限制气质，使用Rothbart的婴儿行为问卷，预测肾上腺皮质反应分离，而报告的恐惧新奇不。
This manuscript reports on the results of 2 experiments dealing with behavioral and adrenocortical responses to separation among 9-month-old human infants. In both experiments the social context of separation was manipulated. The results of Experiment 1 yielded evidence of a statistically significant adrenocortical response to 30 min of separation under conditions in which the substitute caregiver responded sensitively to infant distress, but was busy and relatively noninteractive when babies were not distressed during the separation period. Altering the behavior of the substitute caregiver such that she was warm, responsive, and interactive throughout the separation produced a significant reduction in adrenocortical activity and in negative affect. In fact, these measures were not significantly different than those obtained when the mother and infant remained together in the playroom (No Separation). In Experiment 2, the effects of group versus singleton care were examined using the less stressful mode of substitute caregiving as described above. No significant condition differences in behavioral distress or cortisol were found. Furthermore, neither condition elicited a significant increase in cortisol over basal levels. Finally, these data provide evidence that maternal reports of infant Distress to Limits temperament, using Rothbart's Infant Behavior Questionnaire, predict adrenocortical responses to separation, while reports of Fear of Novelty do not.