GCN2 adapts protein synthesis to scavenging-dependent growth.

GCN2 adapts protein synthesis to scavenging-dependent growth.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cels.2021.09.014
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发表时间:
2022-02-16
期刊:
影响因子:
9.3
通讯作者:
Rabinowitz JD
Rabinowitz JD
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nofal M;Wang T;Yang L;Jankowski CSR;Hsin-Jung Li S;Han S;Parsons L;Frese AN;Gitai Z;Anthony TG;Wühr M;Sabatini DM;Rabinowitz JD

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胰腺癌细胞对游离氨基酸的获取受到限制,可以通过清除细胞外蛋白而生长。在胰腺癌小鼠模型中,我们对清除依赖性生长所需的基因进行了全基因组CRISPR筛选。筛选确定了巨胞饮作用、外周溶酶体定位、内体-溶酶体融合、溶酶体蛋白催化剂和翻译控制的关键介质。最受欢迎的是GCN 2,这是一种在氨基酸耗尽时抑制翻译起始的激酶。使用同位素示踪剂,我们表明,GCN 2是不需要的蛋白质清除。相反,GCN 2阻止核糖体停滞,但不会减缓蛋白质合成;细胞仍然使用所有限制性氨基酸,因为它们从溶酶体中出现。GCN 2还使基因表达适应营养不良的环境,将蛋白质合成从核糖体重新定向到溶酶体水解酶,如组织蛋白酶L。GCN 2、组织蛋白酶L和筛选中鉴定的其他基因是胰腺癌的潜在治疗靶点。胰腺肿瘤营养不良。它们的生长部分是通过巨胞饮作用摄取细胞外蛋白并在溶酶体中降解它们。Nofal等人报道了对依赖于清除的生长进行全基因组筛选的结果。除了巨胞饮作用,这种生长模式取决于适当的溶酶体运输,关键溶酶体水解酶组织蛋白酶L的表达,以及顶筛选命中GCN 2对翻译的调节。
Pancreatic cancer cells with limited access to free amino acids can grow by scavenging extracellular protein. In a murine model of pancreatic cancer, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR screen for genes required for scavenging-dependent growth. The screen identified key mediators of macropinocytosis, peripheral lysosome positioning, endosome-lysosome fusion, lysosomal protein catabolism, and translational control. The top hit was GCN2, a kinase that suppresses translation initiation upon amino acid depletion. Using isotope tracers, we show that GCN2 is not required for protein scavenging. Instead, GCN2 prevents ribosome stalling but without slowing protein synthesis; cells still use all of the limiting amino acids as they emerge from lysosomes. GCN2 also adapts gene expression to the nutrient-poor environment, reorienting protein synthesis away from ribosomes and toward lysosomal hydrolases, such as cathepsin L. GCN2, cathepsin L, and the other genes identified in the screen are potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic tumors are nutrient poor. They grow in part by taking up extracellular proteins by macropinocytosis and degrading them in lysosomes. Nofal et al. report the results of a genome-wide screen for scavenging-dependent growth. Beyond macropinocytosis, this mode of growth depends on proper lysosome trafficking, expression of the key lysosomal hydrolase cathepsin L, and regulation of translation by top screen hit GCN2.
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