The origin of European cattle: Evidence from modern and ancient DNA
The origin of European cattle: Evidence from modern and ancient DNA
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0509210103
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发表时间：
2006-05-23
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Bertorelle, Giorgio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beja-Pereira, Albano;Caramelli, David;Bertorelle, Giorgio
在新石器时代的农业革命中，驯化野生野牛是最重要的创新之一。现有的遗传学和考古学证据表明，在印度和近东至少有两个主要的驯化地点，在那里，瘤牛和牛磺酸品种将独立出现。根据这一假设，所有今天的欧洲品种都是从近东驯化的牛传下来的，随后在放牧和农业生活方式的传播中传播开来。在此，我们提出了与这一观点相反的先前未描述的遗传证据，这些证据基于距今7，000至17，000年的5头意大利野牛和来自51个品种的1，000多头现代牛的mtDNA序列。我们的数据是兼容的本地驯化事件在欧洲和支持至少在一定程度上的渗入从欧洲野牛在意大利。现代牛的遗传变异分布也表明，不同的南欧品种受到了从北方非洲引进的影响。如果是这样的话，欧洲牛可能代表了比以前认识到的更多变和更有价值的遗传资源，以前关于驯化过程和选定品种的传播的简单假设应该修改。
Cattle domestication from wild aurochsen was among the most important innovations during the Neolithic agricultural revolution. The available genetic and archaeological evidence points to at least two major sites of domestication in India and in the Near East, where zebu and the taurine breeds would have emerged independently. Under this hypothesis, all present-day European breeds would be descended from cattle domesticated in the Near East and subsequently spread during the diffusion of herding and farming lifestyles. We present here previously undescribed genetic evidence in contrast with this view, based on mtDNA sequences from five Italian aurochsen dated between 7,000 and 17,000 years B.P. and > 1,000 modern cattle from 51 breeds. Our data are compatible with local domestication events in Europe and support at least some levels of introgression from the aurochs in Italy. The distribution of genetic variation in modern cattle suggest also that different south European breeds were affected by introductions from northern Africa. If so, the European cattle may represent a more variable and valuable genetic resource than previously realized, and previous simple hypotheses regarding the domestication process and the diffusion of selected breeds should be revised.