Four Mechanistic Models of Peer Influence on Adolescent Cannabis Use.
Four Mechanistic Models of Peer Influence on Adolescent Cannabis Use.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40429-017-0144-0
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Feldstein Ewing SW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Caouette JD;Feldstein Ewing SW
大多数青少年开始在同伴环境中探索大麻，但同伴影响青少年使用大麻的神经机制仍然未知。这一理论概述阐明了神经功能和同伴因素在青少年大麻使用中的交叉作用。利用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的新范式发现了青少年同伴环境下风险决策和激励加工的独特神经机制，以奖励-动机和影响调节神经网络为中心；这些发现为青少年同伴驱动的大麻使用决策提供了理论模型。我们提出了青少年使用大麻的社会促进的四种“机制概况”：(1)同伴影响是使用大麻的主要驱动因素；(2)大麻探索是主要驱动因素，在同伴环境中可能会得到加强；(3)社交焦虑；(4)消极同伴体验。识别涉及刺激大麻使用的“神经靶点”可以告知临床医生哪种治疗策略对有大麻使用问题的青少年最有效，以及通过哪种社会和神经认知过程。
Most adolescents begin exploring cannabis in peer contexts, but the neural mechanisms that underlie peer influence on adolescent cannabis use are still unknown. This theoretical overview elucidates the intersecting roles of neural function and peer factors in cannabis use in adolescents. Novel paradigms using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in adolescents have identified distinct neural mechanisms of risk decision-making and incentive processing in peer contexts, centered on reward-motivation and affect regulatory neural networks; these findings inform a theoretical model of peer-driven cannabis use decisions in adolescents. We propose four “mechanistic profiles” of social facilitation of cannabis use in adolescents: (1) peer influence as the primary driver of use; (2) cannabis exploration as the primary driver, which may be enhanced in peer contexts; (3) social anxiety; and (4) negative peer experiences. Identification of “neural targets” involved in motivating cannabis use may inform clinicians about which treatment strategies work best in adolescents with cannabis use problems, and via which social and neurocognitive processes.