Farmers' use of nutrient management: lessons from watershed case studies.
Farmers' use of nutrient management: lessons from watershed case studies.
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农民对养分管理的使用：流域案例研究的经验教训。
DOI：
10.2134/jeq2014.02.0091
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Kathy Neas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Osmond;D. Hoag;A. E. Luloff;D. Meals;Kathy Neas
水资源的营养物富集已经使全世界的沿海沃茨退化，包括在美国（例如，切萨皮克湾、墨西哥湾和纽斯河口）。农业非点源对水资源具有重要影响。因此，养分管理规划是建议减少农田养分流失的主要工具。它的有效性要求农民使用营养管理计划。很少有文献描述养分管理决策。在这里，两个案例研究，解决这一差距：（一）综合的国家粮食和农业研究所，保护效果评估项目，和（二）实地调查，从三个营养受损的河流流域/流域在北卡罗来纳州（纽斯，塔尔-帕姆利科，约旦湖流域）。结果表明，农民通常没有充分应用养分管理计划或遵循基本的土壤测试建议，即使他们有他们。农民被发现是犹豫不决的应用N在大学推荐的利率，因为他们不相信的建议，认为丰富的N作为保险，或使用化肥经销商的建议。当流域教育、技术支持和资金资源集中于养分管理时，注意到了这些问题，包括缓解管理需求，积极和一贯地直接与一小群农民合作，并为资助机构人员和农民分摊成本提供大量资源拨款。如果不与农民进行更好的对话，不对奖励农民承担他们认为与养分减少有关的风险的战略进行有意义的投资，在真正采用养分管理方面就不会取得什么进展。
Nutrient enrichment of water resources has degraded coastal waters throughout the world, including in the United States (e.g., Chesapeake Bay, Gulf of Mexico, and Neuse Estuary). Agricultural nonpoint sources have significant impacts on water resources. As a result, nutrient management planning is the primary tool recommended to reduce nutrient losses from agricultural fields. Its effectiveness requires nutrient management plans be used by farmers. There is little literature describing nutrient management decision-making. Here, two case studies are described that address this gap: (i) a synthesis of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, the Conservation Effects Assessment Project, and (ii) field surveys from three nutrient-impaired river basins/watersheds in North Carolina (Neuse, Tar-Pamlico, and Jordan Lake drainage areas). Results indicate farmers generally did not fully apply nutrient management plans or follow basic soil test recommendations even when they had them. Farmers were found to be hesitant to apply N at university-recommended rates because they did not trust the recommendations, viewed abundant N as insurance, or used recommendations made by fertilizer dealers. Exceptions were noted when watershed education, technical support, and funding resources focused on nutrient management that included easing management demands, actively and consistently working directly with a small group of farmers, and providing significant resource allocations to fund agency personnel and cost-share funds to farmers. Without better dialogue with farmers and meaningful investment in strategies that reward farmers for taking what they perceive as risks relative to nutrient reduction, little progress in true adoption of nutrient management will be made.