On-line individual differences in statistical learning predict language processing.

On-line individual differences in statistical learning predict language processing.
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DOI:
10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00031
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发表时间:
2010
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Tomblin JB
Tomblin JB
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Misyak JB;Christiansen MH;Tomblin JB

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正常发育的儿童和成人在语言能力上存在相当大的个体差异。尽管过去的研究将这种差异归因于言语工作记忆或语言体验的差异,但我们测试了这样一个假设,即统计学习中的个体差异可能与语言表现的差异有关。我们使用了一种新的研究范式来研究在线统计学习,将连续反应时任务与人工语法学习结合起来。这项任务提供了对统计学习的时间过程和个体差异的洞察。实验1绘制了非相邻依赖关系统计学习的微观轨迹图,并提供了其中个体差异的在线索引。在实验2中,这些差异被用来预测受试者对涉及中心嵌入关系从句的远距离依存关系的在线加工的变化。研究结果表明,通过统计学习从经验中学习的能力的个体差异可能会导致语言表现的差异。
Considerable individual differences in language ability exist among normally developing children and adults. Whereas past research have attributed such differences to variations in verbal working memory or experience with language, we test the hypothesis that individual differences in statistical learning may be associated with differential language performance. We employ a novel paradigm for studying statistical learning on-line, combining a serial-reaction time task with artificial grammar learning. This task offers insights into both the timecourse of and individual differences in statistical learning. Experiment 1 charts the micro-level trajectory for statistical learning of nonadjacent dependencies and provides an on-line index of individual differences therein. In Experiment 2, these differences are then shown to predict variations in participants’ on-line processing of long-distance dependencies involving center-embedded relative clauses. The findings suggest that individual differences in the ability to learn from experience through statistical learning may contribute to variations in linguistic performance.
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