"Put Myself Into Your Place": Embodied Simulation and Perspective Taking in Autism Spectrum Disorders
"Put Myself Into Your Place": Embodied Simulation and Perspective Taking in Autism Spectrum Disorders
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DOI：
10.1002/aur.1460
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Frolli, Alessandro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conson, Massimiliano;Mazzarella, Elisabetta;Frolli, Alessandro
现代认知理论认为，认知过程是建立在身体状态的基础上的。自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的认知过程在模仿研究中得到了经典的研究。一些观察结果表明，与能够从模型的位置复制模型的行为的典型个体不同，患有ASD的个体倾向于从他们自己的自我中心的角度重新制定模型的行为。在这里，我们进行了两个行为实验来直接测试ASD个体采纳他人观点的能力。在实验1中，参与者必须明确判断左/右位置的目标对象在一个场景中，从自己或演员的角度来看（视觉透视任务）。在实验2中，被试必须对正面或背面的人体图像进行左/右判断（自己的身体转换任务）。这两个任务都可以通过在心理上模拟自己的身体运动来想象自己变成另一个人的位置（体现模拟策略），或者通过诉诸视觉/空间过程，如心理对象旋转（非体现策略）来解决。两个实验的结果都表明，自闭症谱系障碍患者主要依靠非具身策略来解决任务，而典型的对照组则采用具身策略。此外，在视觉观点采择任务中，ASD被试比对照组更难抑制他人观点，当被要求保持自己的观点时。这些发现表明，在社会认知任务中，ASD个体不诉诸具身模拟，并有困难的自我和他人的观点的认知控制。Autism Res2015，8：454-466. (c)2015年国际自闭症研究学会，Wiley Periodicals，Inc。
Embodied cognition theories hold that cognitive processes are grounded in bodily states. Embodied processes in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have classically been investigated in studies on imitation. Several observations suggested that unlike typical individuals who are able of copying the model's actions from the model's position, individuals with ASD tend to reenact the model's actions from their own egocentric perspective. Here, we performed two behavioral experiments to directly test the ability of ASD individuals to adopt another person's point of view. In Experiment 1, participants had to explicitly judge the left/right location of a target object in a scene from their own or the actor's point of view (visual perspective taking task). In Experiment 2, participants had to perform left/right judgments on front-facing or back-facing human body images (own body transformation task). Both tasks can be solved by mentally simulating one's own body motion to imagine oneself transforming into the position of another person (embodied simulation strategy), or by resorting to visual/spatial processes, such as mental object rotation (nonembodied strategy). Results of both experiments showed that individual with ASD solved the tasks mainly relying on a nonembodied strategy, whereas typical controls adopted an embodied strategy. Moreover, in the visual perspective taking task ASD participants had more difficulties than controls in inhibiting other-perspective when directed to keep one's own point of view. These findings suggested that, in social cognitive tasks, individuals with ASD do not resort to embodied simulation and have difficulties in cognitive control over self- and other-perspective. Autism Res2015, 8: 454-466. (c) 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.