High plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem services
High plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem services
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/nature10282
复制
发表时间：
2011-09-08
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Loreau, Michel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Isbell, Forest;Calcagno, Vincent;Loreau, Michel
生物多样性正在全球范围内迅速下降(1)，这可能会降低生态系统的功能和服务（2-7）。然而，在一个生态系统中，维持提供生态系统服务所需的物种是少还是多，目前还不清楚。假设如果考虑时间、地点、功能和环境变化，大多数物种会促进生态系统服务(9)；然而，之前没有研究将所有这些因素考虑在一起。结果表明，在17项生物多样性试验中，147种草地植物中有84%至少一次促进了生态系统功能。不同物种在不同年份、不同地点、不同功能和不同环境变化情景下对生态系统功能的促进作用不同。此外，需要在数年内提供一种功能的物种与需要在一年内提供多种功能的物种并不相同。我们的研究结果表明，维持生态系统功能和服务需要更多的物种，而不是之前的研究(1)只考虑在一组环境条件下促进一种功能所需的物种数量，或(2)单独考虑生物多样性在多年（10-14）、地点（15,16）、功能（14,17,18）或环境变化情景（12,19-22）中提供生态系统功能的重要性。因此，尽管在一组环境条件下考虑一种功能时，物种可能会出现功能冗余(7)，但在不断变化的世界中，许多物种需要在多个时间和地点维持多种功能。
Biodiversity is rapidly declining worldwide(1), and there is consensus that this can decrease ecosystem functioning and services(2-7). It remains unclear, though, whether few(8) or many(9) of the species in an ecosystem are needed to sustain the provisioning of ecosystem services. It has been hypothesized that most species would promote ecosystem services if many times, places, functions and environmental changes were considered(9); however, no previous study has considered all of these factors together. Here we show that 84% of the 147 grassland plant species studied in 17 biodiversity experiments promoted ecosystem functioning at least once. Different species promoted ecosystem functioning during different years, at different places, for different functions and under different environmental change scenarios. Furthermore, the species needed to provide one function during multiple years were not the same as those needed to provide multiple functions within one year. Our results indicate that even more species will be needed to maintain ecosystem functioning and services than previously suggested by studies that have either (1) considered only the number of species needed to promote one function under one set of environmental conditions, or (2) separately considered the importance of biodiversity for providing ecosystem functioning across multiple years(10-14), places(15,16), functions(14,17,18) or environmental change scenarios(12,19-22). Therefore, although species may appear functionally redundant when one function is considered under one set of environmental conditions(7), many species are needed to maintain multiple functions at multiple times and places in a changing world.