The Mucosal Immune System and Its Regulation by Autophagy.
The Mucosal Immune System and Its Regulation by Autophagy.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2016.00240
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Maloy KJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kabat AM;Pott J;Maloy KJ
胃肠道对粘膜免疫系统提出了一个独特的挑战，它必须不断监测广阔表面的病原体的存在，同时保持对有益或无害抗原的耐受性。在肠粘膜中，专门的先天和适应性免疫成分参与指导针对这些不同挑战的适当免疫反应。最近的研究提供了令人信服的证据，证明自噬过程影响粘膜免疫反应的几个方面。自噬最初被描述为一种“自食”生存途径，能够在饥饿期间实现营养物质的循环，现在已与多种细胞反应有关，包括免疫的几个方面。自噬和宿主免疫之间的最初联系来自于自噬可以靶向细胞内细菌降解的观察。然而，随后的研究表明，自噬在免疫应答中发挥着更广泛的作用，因为它可以影响抗原加工、胸腺选择、淋巴细胞稳态以及免疫球蛋白和细胞因子分泌的调节。在这篇综述中，我们提供了粘膜免疫细胞的全面概述，并讨论了自噬如何影响其生理和功能的许多方面。我们关注自噬在肠道中细胞类型特异性的作用，特别强调自噬对肠道T细胞室的影响。我们还提供了一个关于如何操纵自噬可能潜在地用于治疗粘膜炎症性疾病的观点。
The gastrointestinal tract presents a unique challenge to the mucosal immune system, which has to constantly monitor the vast surface for the presence of pathogens, while at the same time maintaining tolerance to beneficial or innocuous antigens. In the intestinal mucosa, specialized innate and adaptive immune components participate in directing appropriate immune responses toward these diverse challenges. Recent studies provide compelling evidence that the process of autophagy influences several aspects of mucosal immune responses. Initially described as a “self-eating” survival pathway that enables nutrient recycling during starvation, autophagy has now been connected to multiple cellular responses, including several aspects of immunity. Initial links between autophagy and host immunity came from the observations that autophagy can target intracellular bacteria for degradation. However, subsequent studies indicated that autophagy plays a much broader role in immune responses, as it can impact antigen processing, thymic selection, lymphocyte homeostasis, and the regulation of immunoglobulin and cytokine secretion. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of mucosal immune cells and discuss how autophagy influences many aspects of their physiology and function. We focus on cell type-specific roles of autophagy in the gut, with a particular emphasis on the effects of autophagy on the intestinal T cell compartment. We also provide a perspective on how manipulation of autophagy may potentially be used to treat mucosal inflammatory disorders.