Overcoming the Effects of Variation in Infant Speech Segmentation: Influences of Word Familiarity.
Overcoming the Effects of Variation in Infant Speech Segmentation: Influences of Word Familiarity.
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DOI：
10.1080/15250000701779386
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Leher Singh;Sarah S. Nestor;H. Bortfeld
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Leher Singh;Sarah S. Nestor;H. Bortfeld
先前的研究表明，7.5 个月大的孩子可以跟踪和编码流利言语中的单词，但他们无法将与说话者性别、声音情感和基频形成鲜明对比的单词实例等同起来。到 10.5 个月时，他们成功地概括了这种变异性，标志着一个明显的过渡期，在此期间婴儿的单词识别技能在质量上变得更加成熟。在这里，我们探讨了单词熟悉度在这一关键转变中的作用，特别是，在儿童的聆听环境中频繁出现的单词（即“妈妈”和“爸爸”）在表面特征不同时是否比婴儿以前没有遇到过的单词（称为非单词）更容易被识别。结果表明，在 7.5 个月时，单词是从连续语音中以比非单词更成熟的方式进行分割的，但在 10.5 个月时，单词和非单词都以相对成熟的方式进行分割。这些发现表明，在婴儿大量接触物品的情况下，早期的单词识别会得到促进，但在后期阶段，无论假定的熟悉程度如何，婴儿都能够对物品进行分割。
Previous studies have shown that 7.5-month-olds can track and encode words in fluent speech, but they fail to equate instances of a word that contrast in talker gender, vocal affect, and fundamental frequency. By 10.5 months, they succeed at generalizing across such variability, marking a clear transition period during which infants' word recognition skills become qualitatively more mature. Here we explore the role of word familiarity in this critical transition and, in particular, whether words that occur frequently in a child's listening environment (i.e., "Mommy" and "Daddy") are more easily recognized when they differ in surface characteristics than those that infants have not previously encountered (termed nonwords). Results demonstrate that words are segmented from continuous speech in a more linguistically mature fashion than nonwords at 7.5 months, but at 10.5 months, both words and nonwords are segmented in a relatively mature fashion. These findings suggest that early word recognition is facilitated in cases where infants have had significant exposure to items, but at later stages, infants are able to segment items regardless of their presumed familiarity.