SNEWPY: A Data Pipeline from Supernova Simulations to Neutrino Signals
SNEWPY: A Data Pipeline from Supernova Simulations to Neutrino Signals
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DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/ac350f
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发表时间：
2021-09
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通讯作者：
A. Baxter;S. BenZvi;Joahan Castaneda Jaimes;A. Coleiro;M. C. Molla;D. Dornic;Tomer Goldhagen;Anne Graf;S. Griswold;A. Habig;R. Hill;S. Horiuchi;J. Kneller;R. Lang;M. Lincetto;J. Migenda;K. Nakamura;E. O’Connor;A. Renshaw;K. Scholberg;C. Tunnell;Navya Uberoi;Arkin Worlikar
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文献类型：
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作者：
A. Baxter;S. BenZvi;Joahan Castaneda Jaimes;A. Coleiro;M. C. Molla;D. Dornic;Tomer Goldhagen;Anne Graf;S. Griswold;A. Habig;R. Hill;S. Horiuchi;J. Kneller;R. Lang;M. Lincetto;J. Migenda;K. Nakamura;E. O’Connor;A. Renshaw;K. Scholberg;C. Tunnell;Navya Uberoi;Arkin Worlikar
目前的中微子探测器将从银河系超新星中观测到数百到数千个中微子，未来的探测器将把这一产量提高一个数量级或更多。有了这样一个数据集，我们对大质量恒星爆炸、极端条件下的核物理以及中微子性质的理解有了巨大的增长。然而，目前超新星模拟和中微子探测器中相应的信号之间存在很大的差距，这将使理论和观测之间的任何比较变得非常困难。SNEWPY是一个开源软件包，它弥补了这一差距。SNEWPY代码可以与超新星模拟数据接口，从模型中生成地球上中微子光谱通量的时间序列或总的时间积分光谱通量。数百个核心坍缩，热核和对不稳定超新星的模拟数据包括在软件包中。然后，该输出可以由事件生成器（例如sntools）或事件率计算器（例如具有通用长基线实验模拟器的超新星观测站（SNOwGLoBES））使用。SNEWPY软件包中的附加例程通过SNOwGLoBES软件自动处理生成的数据，并将其输出整理到每个探测器的可观测通道中。在本文中，我们描述了包的内容，SNEWPY背后的物理原理，代码的组织，并提供了如何利用其功能的示例。
Current neutrino detectors will observe hundreds to thousands of neutrinos from Galactic supernovae, and future detectors will increase this yield by an order of magnitude or more. With such a data set comes the potential for a huge increase in our understanding of the explosions of massive stars, nuclear physics under extreme conditions, and the properties of the neutrino. However, there is currently a large gap between supernova simulations and the corresponding signals in neutrino detectors, which will make any comparison between theory and observation very difficult. SNEWPY is an open-source software package that bridges this gap. The SNEWPY code can interface with supernova simulation data to generate from the model either a time series of neutrino spectral fluences at Earth, or the total time-integrated spectral fluence. Data from several hundred simulations of core-collapse, thermonuclear, and pair-instability supernovae is included in the package. This output may then be used by an event generator such as sntools or an event rate calculator such as the SuperNova Observatories with General Long Baseline Experiment Simulator (SNOwGLoBES). Additional routines in the SNEWPY package automate the processing of the generated data through the SNOwGLoBES software and collate its output into the observable channels of each detector. In this paper we describe the contents of the package, the physics behind SNEWPY, the organization of the code, and provide examples of how to make use of its capabilities.