Assessment of intake of copper and lead by sheep grazing on a shooting range for small arms: a case study
Assessment of intake of copper and lead by sheep grazing on a shooting range for small arms: a case study
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轻武器射击场放牧的羊的铜和铅摄入量评估：案例研究
DOI：
10.1007/s11356-018-1824-6
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Ø. Voie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Johnsen;E. Mariussen;Ø. Voie
挪威武装部队的射击场受到铅(铅)和铜(铜)等金属的污染，经常被用作牲畜的牧场。为了确定绵羊在北特罗恩德拉格(Leksdalen射击场)的射击场吃草是否有风险，进行了一项研究，目的是确定绵羊吃的土壤的量，在射击场放牧的羔羊肝脏中铜和铅的积累，以及铅和铜在草中的积累。利用GPS跟踪和野生动物摄像头绘制了绵羊的放牧行为地图。采集了土壤、草、粪便和肝脏样本。对所有样品进行了铅、铜和钼的分析，并对土壤和粪便中的钛进行了分析。草类、土壤、粪便和肝脏中铅的平均含量分别为41-7189、1.3-29、4-5和0.3 mg/kg，铜的平均含量分别为42-580、4.2-11.9、19-23和273 mg/kg。用粪便和土壤中的钛计算土壤的摄取率。根据这些结果，计算了放牧绵羊摄入铜、铅的理论剂量。土壤采食率为0.1-0.4%，显著低于绵羊通常5-30%的土壤采食率。草本植物对铜、铅的积累很少或根本没有。洗涤过的和未洗过的草地中的金属浓度没有差别。根据计算的剂量，绵羊在勒克斯达伦射击场放牧导致急性或慢性铅、铜中毒的风险很小或没有风险。对肝脏样本的分析表明，在射击场放牧的羔羊的铜或铅含量并不高于在其他地方放牧的羔羊。没有一只羔羊的肝脏中有铜或铅的浓度，这表明是中毒。
The Norwegian Armed Forces’ shooting ranges contain contamination by metals such as lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) and are often used as grazing pastures for livestock. To determine whether the sheep were at risk from grazing at a shooting range in Nord-Trøndelag (the Leksdalen shooting field), a study was conducted wherein the aim was to determine the amount of soil the sheep were eating, the accumulation of Cu and Pb in the livers of lambs grazing on the shooting ranges, and the accumulation of Pb and Cu in the grass. The grazing behavior of the sheep was mapped using GPS tracking and wildlife cameras. Soil, grass, feces, and liver samples were collected. All the samples were analyzed for Pb, Cu, and molybdenum (Mo), and soil and feces were also analyzed for titanium (Ti). Mean concentrations in grass, soil, feces, and liver was 41–7189, 1.3–29, 4–5, and 0.3 mg/kg Pb, respectively, and 42–580, 4.2–11.9, 19–23, and 273 mg/kg Cu, respectively. The soil ingestion rate was calculated using Ti in feces and soil. From these results, the theoretical dose of Cu and Pb ingested by grazing sheep was calculated. The soil ingestion rate was found to be 0.1–0.4%, significantly lower than the soil ingestion rate of 5–30% usually used for sheep. Little or no accumulation of Cu and Pb in the grass was found. There was no difference between the metal concentrations in the washed and unwashed grass. According to the calculated dose, the sheep were at little or no risk of acute or chronic Pb and Cu poisoning from grazing on the Leksdalen shooting range. The analysis of liver samples showed that lambs grazing on the shooting range did not have higher levels of Cu or Pb than lambs grazing elsewhere. None of the lambs had concentrations of Cu or Pb in their livers indicating poisoning.