Plasma membrane repair and cellular damage control: The annexin survival kit
Plasma membrane repair and cellular damage control: The annexin survival kit
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bcp.2010.12.027
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发表时间：
2011-03-15
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Babiychuk, Eduard B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Draeger, Annette;Monastyrskaya, Katia;Babiychuk, Eduard B.
质膜损伤是细胞生命中的常见事件。质膜的物理破坏在机械应力条件下操作的细胞中是常见的。渗透性屏障也可以通过化学手段突破：病原体通过分泌成孔毒素和磷脂酶进入宿主细胞，宿主自身的免疫系统利用成孔蛋白来消除病原体和病原体入侵的细胞。在所有情况下，细胞外Ca 2+的流入被感知并被解释为“立即危险”信号。各种Ca 2+依赖性机制被用于使质膜修复。细胞膜严重受损的区域可以通过胞吐作用将内膜修复到细胞表面。有核细胞能够通过渗透部位的内吞作用重新密封其受损的质膜。同样，膜微粒的脱落被认为涉及孔的物理消除。膜起泡是一种进一步的损伤控制机制，它是在最初尝试质膜重新密封失败后触发的。膜联蛋白家族的成员普遍表达，并作为细胞内Ca 2+传感器发挥作用。大多数细胞含有多种膜联蛋白，其与不同的质膜区域相互作用，促进膜分离、膜融合，并且-与它们各自的Ca 2+敏感性相结合-允许对膜损伤的空间受限的分级反应。(C)2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Plasmalemmal injury is a frequent event in the life of a cell. Physical disruption of the plasma membrane is common in cells that operate under conditions of mechanical stress. The permeability barrier can also be breached by chemical means: pathogens gain access to host cells by secreting pore-forming toxins and phospholipases, and the host's own immune system employs pore-forming proteins to eliminate both pathogens and the pathogen-invaded cells. In all cases, the influx of extracellular Ca2+ is being sensed and interpreted as an "immediate danger" signal.Various Ca2+-dependent mechanisms are employed to enable plasma membrane repair. Extensively damaged regions of the plasma membrane can be patched with internal membranes delivered to the cell surface by exocytosis. Nucleated cells are capable of resealing their injured plasmalemma by endocytosis of the permeabilized site. Likewise, the shedding of membrane microparticles is thought to be involved in the physical elimination of pores. Membrane blebbing is a further damage-control mechanism, which is triggered after initial attempts at plasmalemmal resealing have failed.The members of the annexin protein family are ubiquitously expressed and function as intracellular Ca2+ sensors. Most cells contain multiple annexins, which interact with distinct plasma membrane regions promoting membrane segregation, membrane fusion and - in combination with their individual Ca2+-sensitivity - allow spatially confined, graded responses to membrane injury. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.