Hot-cold empathy gaps and medical decision making
Hot-cold empathy gaps and medical decision making
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.s49
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Loewenstein, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Loewenstein, G
先前的研究表明，人们会错误地预测自己的行为和偏好。当人们在情感上处于“冷”状态时，他们无法充分认识到“热”状态将如何影响他们自己的偏好和行为。当处于热状态时，他们低估了这些状态的影响力，因此高估了他们当前偏好的稳定性。同样的偏见也适用于人际关系;例如，没有被情感唤起的人低估了热状态对他人行为的影响。在回顾了记录这种内在和人际关系的冷热共情差距的研究之后，本文研究了它们对医疗的后果，特别是与癌症相关的决策，例如，冷热共情差距会导致健康人过度暴露于健康风险，并可能导致医疗保健提供者对患者的疼痛治疗不足。
Prior research has shown that people mispredict their own behavior and preferences across affective states. When people are in an affectively "cold" state, they fail to fully appreciate how "hot" states will affect their own preferences and behavior. When in hot states, they underestimate the influence of those states and, as a result, overestimate the stability of their current preferences. The same biases apply interpersonally; for example, people who are not affectively aroused underappreciate the impact of hot states on other people's behavior. After reviewing research documenting such intrapersonal and interpersonal hot-cold empathy gaps, this article examines their consequences for medical, and specifically cancer-related, decision making, showing, for example, that hot-cold empathy gaps can lead healthy persons to expose themselves excessively to health risks and can cause health care providers to undertreat patients for pain.