Disrupting reconsolidation: memory erasure or blunting of emotional/motivational value?
Disrupting reconsolidation: memory erasure or blunting of emotional/motivational value?
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DOI：
10.1038/s41386-018-0082-0
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Tronson, Natalie C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cogan, Elizabeth S.;Shapses, Mark A.;Tronson, Natalie C.
当记忆被提取时，它们变得不稳定，并通过一个被称为重新巩固的过程进行改变。记忆再巩固的中断降低了学习反应的表现，这通常归因于记忆的擦除;在巴甫洛夫学习的情况下，条件刺激（CS）和非条件刺激（US）之间的关联丧失。然而，另一种解释是，破坏重新巩固并不会消除记忆，但会削弱其情感/动机的影响。在非人类动物中，很难解析CS的预测值与情感/动机值，但对巴甫洛夫条件接近任务中条件反应（CR）形式变化的研究提出了一种方法。在这项任务中，与食物奖励（US）配对的EST-CS在所有大鼠中获得预测值，但在某些大鼠（符号追踪者）中比其他大鼠（目标追踪者）更大程度上归因于情感/动机价值。我们报告说，普萘洛尔的检索后管理选择性衰减的标志跟踪CR，和相关的神经激活的大脑“运动电路”，而没有影响的条件定向行为的标志跟踪器，或目标跟踪CR引起的无论是一个信号-CS或色调-CS。我们的结论是，检索后普萘洛尔破坏再巩固降低了CS的情感/动机的影响，需要的标志跟踪，但留下的CS-US协会完好无损。提取后干预可以减少记忆的情感/动机方面，而不会实际消除它们，这对治疗导致某些精神疾病的适应不良记忆具有重要意义。
When memories are retrieved they become labile, and subject to alteration by a process known as reconsolidation. Disruption of memory reconsolidation decreases the performance of learned responses, which is often attributed to erasure of the memory; in the case of Pavlovian learning, to a loss of the association between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US). However, an alternative interpretation is that disrupting reconsolidation does not erase memories, but blunts their emotional/motivational impact. It is difficult to parse the predictive vs. emotional/motivational value of CSs in non-human animals, but studies on variation in the form of conditioned responses (CRs) in a Pavlovian conditioned approach task suggest a way to do this. In this task a lever-CS paired with a food reward (US) acquires predictive value in all rats, but is attributed with emotional/motivational value to a greater extent in some rats (sign-trackers) than others (goal-trackers). We report that the post-retrieval administration of propranolol selectively attenuates a sign-tracking CR, and the associated neural activation of brain "motive circuits", while having no effect on conditioned orienting behavior in sign-trackers, or on goal-tracking CRs evoked by either a lever-CS or a tone-CS. We conclude that the disruption of reconsolidation by post-retrieval propranolol degrades the emotional/motivational impact of the CS, required for sign-tracking, but leaves the CS-US association intact. The possibility that post-retrieval interventions can reduce the emotional/motivational aspects of memories, without actually erasing them, has important implications for treating maladaptive memories that contribute to some psychiatric disorders.