A Systematic Review of Neighborhood Disparities in Point-of-Sale Tobacco Marketing.
A Systematic Review of Neighborhood Disparities in Point-of-Sale Tobacco Marketing.
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2015.302777
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Ribisl KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee JG;Henriksen L;Rose SW;Moreland-Russell S;Ribisl KM
烟草行业的文件显示，在销售点，系统地以种族、民族和收入为目标。我们试图系统地审查烟草零售商的烟草营销的差异的证据，社会人口学的邻里特征。我们从2014年5月28日更新的10个数据库的893个系统检索结果中识别出43篇相关论文。我们发现了148个营销（价格，位置，促销或产品可用性）与社区人口（社会经济劣势，种族，民族和城市化）的关联。我们进行了一个叙述性的审查，目前的结果分层的邻里特点和类型的烟草产品营销。在烟草产品的销售方面，社区人口统计数据存在差异。社会经济不利因素与更多的烟草营销有关。薄荷醇营销的差异是显而易见的，目标是更多的城市社区和黑人居民更多的社区。无烟烟草产品的目标是更多的农村社区和更多白色居民的社区。商店类型的差异部分解释了这些差异。地理人口市场定位是跨行业的标准营销实践，对于年轻人接触烟草营销以及吸烟者来说，这是一个社会和环境不公正的问题，他们的戒烟尝试可能会因低收入社区和黑人居民较多的社区的不成比例的营销而受阻。
Tobacco industry documents show systematic targeting by race, ethnicity, and income at the point of sale (POS). We sought to systematically review evidence of disparities in tobacco marketing at tobacco retailers by socio-demographic neighborhood characteristics. We identified 43 relevant papers from 893 results of a systematic search in 10 databases updated on May 28, 2014. We found 148 associations of marketing (price, placement, promotion, or product availability) with a neighborhood demographic of interest (socioeconomic disadvantage, race, ethnicity, and urbanicity). We conducted a narrative review and present results stratified by neighborhood characteristics and types of tobacco product marketing. There are disparities in the marketing of tobacco products by neighborhood demographics. Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with more tobacco marketing. Disparities in menthol marketing are starkly present, with targeting toward more urban neighborhoods and neighborhoods with more black residents. Smokeless tobacco products are targeted toward more rural neighborhoods and neighborhoods with more white residents. Differences in store type partially explain these disparities. Geodemographic market targeting, a standard marketing practice across industries, represents an issue of social and environmental injustice for youth exposure to tobacco marketing and for smokers whose quit attempts may be stymied by disproportionate marketing in lower-income neighborhoods and neighborhoods with more black residents.