Demography and life history of a group of white-bellied spider monkeys ( Ateles belzebuth ) in western Amazonia
Demography and life history of a group of white-bellied spider monkeys ( Ateles belzebuth ) in western Amazonia
复制标题
亚马逊流域西部一群白腹蜘蛛猴（ Ateles belzebuth ）的人口统计和生活史
DOI：
10.1002/ajp.22899
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Di Fiore, Anthony
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Link, Andrés;Milich, Krista;Di Fiore, Anthony
物种特有的人口统计参数和生活史变量对于了解灵长类个体如何适应进化和生态压力、进行种间比较以及进行种群生存能力分析和管理圈养种群十分重要。在这里，我们描述了12年多来对生活在亚马逊西部一片原始热带雨林的Tiputini生物多样性站附近的一群野生白腹蜘蛛猴(Ateles Belzebuth Belzebuth)进行的人口动态研究的结果。在整个研究期间，群体规模在25到37人之间变化，在所有年龄段中都存在明显的女性偏见的性别比例。雌性是分散的性别，因为19只出生在这个群体中的雌性在接近成年身体大小时消失了，并被推定已经移民，而7只亚成年或成年雌性在研究期间加入了这个群体。我们估计女性的分散年龄为5.9 ± SD 0.4岁(N= 13)。我们的研究证实，雄性是智性性别，因为所有出生的雄性都留在了这个群体中，一些已经开始繁殖，而没有雄性移民。雄性在∼4.5岁时开始独立于它们的母亲活动，到∼5岁时开始与成年雌性交配。女性出生间隔较长(44.2 ± SD7.8月；范围：32~月，N= 2 1)。根据我们的数据，雌性蜘蛛猴的寿命可能比雄性蜘蛛猴更长，因为2005年年中蜘蛛猴群体中只有1/6的成年雄性蜘蛛猴，但到2018年1月，每11只成年雌性蜘蛛猴中就有9只仍然存在。野生蜘蛛猴的缓慢发育和漫长的生活史对这些灵长类动物在整个地理分布过程中应对栖息地退化和狩猎的能力构成了重大挑战。
Species‐specific demographic parameters and life history variables are important for understanding how individual primate taxa have adapted to evolutionary and ecological pressures and for conducting interspecific comparisons as well as for conducting population viability analyses and for managing captive populations. Here, we describe results from a 12+ year study of the demographic dynamics of a wild group of white‐bellied spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth belzebuth) living near the Tiputini Biodiversity Station in a largely pristine rainforest in western Amazonia. Across the study period, group size varied between 25 and 37 individuals, and there was a clearly female‐biased sex ratio within all age classes. Females were the dispersing sex, as 19 females born into the group disappeared close to reaching adult body size and were presumed to have emigrated, while seven subadult or adult females joined the group during the study period. We estimated the age of dispersal for females at 5.9 ± SD 0.4 years (N= 13). Our study confirms that males are the philopatric sex, as all natal males have remained in the group and some have begun to reproduce, while no males have immigrated. Males began ranging independently from their mothers at ∼4.5 years of age and began copulating with adult females by the age of ∼5 years. Females had long inter‐birth intervals (44.2 ± SD 7.8 months; range: 32–64 months,N= 21). Based on our data, female spider monkeys might have longer life spans than males, as only one out of six adult males but 9 out of 11 adult females present in the group in mid 2005 were still present in January 2018. The slow development and extended life histories of wild spider monkeys pose significant challenges for the ability of these primates to cope with habitat degradation and hunting throughout their geographical distribution.