VIETNAM AND THE ‘THIRD WAY’: THE NATURE OF SOCIO‐ECONOMIC TRANSITION
VIETNAM AND THE ‘THIRD WAY’: THE NATURE OF SOCIO‐ECONOMIC TRANSITION
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越南与“第三条道路”：社会经济转型的本质
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9663.1997.tb01640.x
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
S. Fahey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Fahey
越南政府在从计划经济向市场经济过渡的过程中面临的一个主要困境是，如何在现有的马克思主义意识形态下管理市场力量的出现。评论员们的困惑是，社会主义市场的混合形式或“第三条道路”是否是可行的目标。对前社会主义国家的社会经济变化进行分析的基础是对转型过程的一些理解。进程问题是越南过渡文献数量不断增加的主要焦点。在本文中，也讨论了过程问题，但分析扩展到讨论过渡的结果将是什么。很明显，在东欧和前苏联，支持社会主义的经济和政治制度随着“大爆炸”而瓦解，这些国家正在根据资本主义市场原则重建自己。有人认为，在越南，正如在中国一样，转型过程是一个“渐进主义”的过程，从微观经济开始，然后是宏观经济改革，但政治改革有限。越南和中国决策者的意图都不是建立一个资本主义市场，而是建立一个社会主义导向的市场，在这个市场中，共产党的领导仍然存在，生产资料的公有制是宣布的优先事项。在这篇文章中，历史、文化、社会和经济证据被用来证明越南混合社会经济结构的持续存在是可能的。
A major dilemma for the Vietnamese state during transition from a command to market economy is how to manage the emergence of market forces within an existing Marxist ideology. The quandary for commentators is whether a hybrid form of the socialist market or the ‘third way’ is a viable goal. Underpinning the analysis of socio-economic change in former socialist countries is some understanding of the processes by which the transition occurs. Questions of process are the major focus of the increasing volume of literature on transition in Vietnam. In this article questions of process are also addressed but the analysis is extended to a discussion of what the outcome of transition will be. It is clear in Eastern Europe and the former USSR that economic and political institutions which supported socialism disintegrated with a ‘big bang’ and that these countries are in the process of rebuilding themselves according to the principles of the capitalist market. It is argued that in Vietnam as in China, the process of transition has been one of ‘gradualism’ beginning with micro-economic followed by macro-economic reforms but with limited political reform. The intention of both Vietnamese and Chinese policy-makers is not to create a capitalist market but a socialist-oriented market in which the Communist Party leadership remains in place and that public ownership of the means of production is a declared priority. In this article historical, cultural, social as well as economic evidence is drawn upon to argue that persistence of a hybrid socio-economic structure in Vietnam is possible.