[What is the prevalence of smoking in China].
[What is the prevalence of smoking in China].
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DOI：
10.1142/9789812792365_0002
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lin Xiao;Jie Yang;X. Wan;Gong-huan Yang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lin Xiao;Jie Yang;X. Wan;Gong-huan Yang
目的确定烟草使用流行数据集的准确性，以衡量中国烟草使用风险和烟草控制的影响。方法对全国已公布的3份调查资料进行分析比较。采用了两个原则来确定流行率数据的准确性：i)根据吸烟者当前流行率估计的卷烟消费量应接近实际卷烟消费水平；ii)中国男性当前吸烟者年患病率的变化应在1%左右，因为在实施全面控烟战略的情况下，国际上关于当前吸烟者患病率的经验倾向于以每年1%左右的速度下降。结果通过行为危险因素监测系统（BRFSS 2002）、中国公民营养与健康调查（CCNHS 2002）和中国卫生服务调查（CHSS 2003），三次调查的估算卷烟消费量与实际卷烟消费量的差异分别为510.7亿、629.4亿和2171.1亿。与1996年的全国烟草使用调查相比，2002年BRFSS中男性吸烟者的患病率明显下降0.9%，2002年CCNHS中下降2.2%，2003年CHSS中下降2.0%。因此，与其他两项调查的结果相比，BRFSS中当前吸烟者的患病率（2002）更为可靠。结论在中国实施《烟草控制框架公约》时，应使用BRFSS测定的现有吸烟者患病率来反映烟草使用的流行情况。然而，在不同的烟草使用调查中，报告的烟草使用流行率不同，建议加强烟草控制监测能力，包括“曾经吸烟者”和“现在吸烟者”定义的标准化，以及标准化问卷，抽样策略和数据分析过程，实地工作质量等。准确估计流行率似乎是了解目前有多少吸烟者以便制定控制政策的关键，包括建立“戒烟”诊所和评估烟草控制规划的影响。迫切需要建立一个国家标准化的监测系统来监测烟草流行。
OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy of prevalence data sets on tobacco use so as to measure the risk of tobacco use and the impact of tobacco control in China. METHODS Three published data sets on nation-wide survey were reviewed and compared. Two principles were applied to determine the accuracy of the data on prevalence: i ) The estimated consumption of cigarettes based on the current prevalence rate on smokers should have been close to the actual cigarette consumption level; ii) change on the annual prevalence of male current smokers should be around 1% in China, since the international experience on the prevalence of current smokers tended to decrease at a rate of around 1% per year in the presence of comprehensive tobacco control strategies. RESULTS The differences between the estimated cigarette consumption and the actual cigarette consumption for the three surveys were 51.07 billion through Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS 2002), 62.94 billion through the Chinese Citizen Nutrition & Health Survey (CCNHS 2002), and 217.11 billion through the China Health Service Survey (CHSS 2003). In comparison with the national tobacco use survey in 1996, the prevalence of male current smokers apparently dropped by 0.9% in BRFSS 2002, 2.2% in CCNHS 2002 and 2.0% per year in CHSS 2003. Thus, the prevalence of current smokers in BRFSS (2002) was more reliable, comparing to the results from the other two surveys. CONCLUSION The prevalence of current smokers as determined by the BRFSS should be used to reflect the epidemic of tobacco use when implementing the FCTC in China. However, the reporting prevalence rates of tobacco use were different in the different surveys regarding tobacco use, suggesting that the capacity of surveillance on tobacco control should be strengthened, including the standardization of definitions on 'ever-smoker' and 'current smoker' , as well as on standardized questionnaire, sampling strategy and the process of data analysis, quality of field work etc. Precise estimation of prevalence appears to be the key point for understanding how many current smokers so as to develop control policy, including setting up 'quit' clinics and evaluating the impact of tobacco control programs. There is an urgent need to establish a national standardized surveillance system to monitor the tobacco epidemics.