Food and nutrition security policies in the Caribbean: Challenging the corporate food regime?
Food and nutrition security policies in the Caribbean: Challenging the corporate food regime?
复制标题
加勒比地区的粮食和营养安全政策：挑战企业粮食制度？
DOI：
10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.05.005
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Marisa Wilson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marisa Wilson
特立尼达和托巴哥通过维持一种基于公司对粮食和农业的控制的粮食安全模式，正在为气候变化作出贡献。与政策文件，媒体来源和人种学数据，我认为，特立尼达和托巴哥的粮食系统连接到国家和跨国市场，坚定地贴上该国的粮食系统的化石燃料经济。提供了三个例子。首先是采用世界银行的农业“价值链”模式，该模式有利于规模较大、经济（而不是生态）效率高的农民。第二个是最近国家领导的“把T&T放在你的桌子上”的运动，它忽视了工业食品进口的政治优先地位，例如目前取消工业食品进口增值税的政策。最后一个例子是2013年11月特立尼达和托巴哥与圭亚那之间的谅解备忘录，根据该备忘录，圭亚那的土地正在转变为玉米、大豆和其他作物的工业生产，供特立尼达和托巴哥最终加工和消费。虽然这些政策在国家和区域粮食安全的标签下是合理的，但我认为，它们延续了加勒比式的企业粮食制度，阻碍了为建立可持续的生产者-消费者网络而做出的对气候更为敏感的努力。
Trinidad and Tobago is contributing to climate change by maintaining a model for food security that is based on corporate controls over food and agriculture. With policy documents, media sources, and ethnographic data, I argue that Trinidad and Tobago’s food system is connected to national and transnational markets that firmly affix the country’s food system to the fossil fuel economy. Three examples are provided. The first is the adoption of the World Bank’s ‘value chain’ model for agriculture, which favours larger, economically (rather than ecologically) efficient farmers. The second is the recent state-led campaign to ‘put T&T on your table’, which overlooks the political prioritisation of industrial food imports exemplified by current policies to eliminate VAT (Value Added Tax) on industrial food imports. The final example is the November 2013 Memorandum of Understanding between Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana, under which Guyanese lands are being converted for the industrial production of corn, soya, and other crops for final processing and consumption in Trinidad and Tobago. While such policies are justified under the label of national and regional food security, I argue that they perpetuate a Caribbean-style corporate food regime that counteracts more climate-sensitive efforts to create sustainable producer–consumer networks.