Investigation on an electrochemical pilot equipment for water softening with an automatic descaling system: Parameter optimization and energy consumption analysis
Investigation on an electrochemical pilot equipment for water softening with an automatic descaling system: Parameter optimization and energy consumption analysis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123178
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发表时间：
2020-12
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Chunhui Zhang;Jiawei Tang;Guifeng Zhao;Yuan-hui Tang;Jiabin Li;Fuqin Li;H. Zhuang;Jie Chen;Hui Lin;Yizhen Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chunhui Zhang;Jiawei Tang;Guifeng Zhao;Yuan-hui Tang;Jiabin Li;Fuqin Li;H. Zhuang;Jie Chen;Hui Lin;Yizhen Zhang
电化学水软化（EWS）技术虽然受到阴极水垢清洗的限制，但由于其清洁、高效、节水等优点，被认为是一种非常有前途的除垢方法。本文研制了一种新型的EWS装置，并结合了自动除垢模块，用于处理工业循环冷却水（RCW）。采用基于Box-Behnken设计（BBD）的响应面法（RSM）分析，优化初始硬度（1150 mg/L, Ca2+）、硬度与碳酸氢盐比（0.5）、电流密度（30 A/m2）和循循水流量（20 m3/h） 4个重要操作参数的组合效果。根据RSM分析结果，建立了硬度去除率与电流密度（ρ, a /m2）之间的数学动态模型。此外，对该装置的各种配置进行了测试，结果表明，集成自动除垢系统可以显著提高除垢能力（19.95 g/h/m2）和能耗（27.1 kW h/kg CaCO3），与化学阻垢剂方法相比，具有明显的经济和环境优势。这项工作为EWS技术的发展和工业应用提供了一个简单的策略。
Electrochemical water softening (EWS) technology is considered to be a very promising descaling method due to its superiorities in clean, efficient and water-saving ability, although limited by the cleaning of cathode scale. Herein, an innovative EWS device coupled with an automatic descaling module was manufactured and applied to treat the industrial recirculating cooling water (RCW). Response surface methodology (RSM) analysis based on Box–Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the combination effect of four important operation parameters, including initial hardness (1150 mg/L, as Ca2+), ratio of hardness and bicarbonate (0.5), current density (30 A/m2) and circulating water flow (20 m3/h). Next, a mathematical dynamic model was employed to reveal the relationship between the hardness removal percentage and the current density (ρ, A/m2) according to the RSM analysis results. Additionally, various configurations of the device were performed and demonstrated that the integration of automatic descaling system enabled a significant improvement on the descaling capacity (19.95 g/h/m2) and energy consumptions (27.1 kW h/kg CaCO3), which exhibited evident economic and environmental advantages compared to the chemical scale inhibitor method. This work provides a facile strategy for the development and industrial applications of EWS technology.