Arctic climate change discourse: the contrasting politics of research agendas in the West and Russia
Arctic climate change discourse: the contrasting politics of research agendas in the West and Russia
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1751-8369.2009.00100.x
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Stammler, Florian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forbes, Bruce C.;Stammler, Florian
在本文中，我们探讨了西方科学概念和对与资源管理和气候变化有关的本土知识的态度与现代俄罗斯的普遍观点有何不同。代表因纽特人和萨米人的西方土著领导人积极参与有关气候变化的学术和政治讨论，而他们的俄罗斯同事则倾向于更多地关注立法和自决，作为后苏联的遗产。我们用来自涅涅茨苔原的数据为这场辩论做出了贡献，展示了不同的研究如何利用气候变化、野生动物管理和当地本土知识这三个关键的西方研究范式。我们认为，苔原游牧的日常实践涉及在不断变化的环境中协商自己的立场的永久过程，这就是为什么“适应”被融入社会和整个宇宙学中，而不是被分成不同的知识“主体”或西方设计的类别。我们认为，研究议程应放在适当的当地和区域背景以及时间框架中：例如，通过与牧民合作，研究天气而不是气候变化、放牧技能而不是野生动物管理、以及与苔原接触的方式而不是传统生态知识。
In this paper we explore how Western scientific concepts and attitudes towards indigenous knowledge, as they pertain to resource management and climate change, differ from the prevailing view in modern Russia. Western indigenous leaders representing the Inuit and Saami peoples are actively engaged in the academic and political discourse surrounding climate change, whereas their Russian colleagues tend to focus more on legislation and self-determination, as a post-Soviet legacy. We contribute to the debate with data from the Nenets tundra, showing how different research has employed the three crucial Western research paradigms of climate change, wildlife management and indigenous knowledge on the ground. We suggest that the daily practice of tundra nomadism involves permanent processes of negotiating one's position in a changing environment, which is why "adaptation" is woven into the society, and cosmology as a whole, rather than being separable into distinct "bodies" of knowledge or Western-designed categories. We argue that research agendas should be placed in their proper local and regional context, and temporal framework: for example, by collaborating with herders on the topics of weather instead of climate change, herding skills instead of wildlife management, and ways of engaging with the tundra instead of traditional ecological knowledge.