Visual acuity and the essentiality of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in the diet of term infants
Visual acuity and the essentiality of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in the diet of term infants
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DOI：
10.1203/00006450-199808000-00011
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发表时间：
1998-08-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Prestidge, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Birch, EE;Hoffman, DR;Prestidge, C
在一项双盲随机临床试验中，研究了足月婴儿配方奶粉中DHA（占总脂肪酸的0.35%）或DHA（0.36%）和AA（0.72%）对视力发育的影响，评估了足月婴儿饮食中二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和花生四烯酸（AA）的需求。108名健康的足月婴儿参加了这项研究；79例从出生起就完全用配方奶喂养（随机分组），29例完全用母乳喂养（金标准组）。在出生后12个月的4个时间点对婴儿进行血液脂肪酸组成、生长、扫描视觉诱发电位（VEP）灵敏度和强迫选择优先视敏度的评估。在出生后的头4个月，足月婴儿配方奶粉中添加DHA或DHA和AA会产生明显的红细胞总脂质组成差异。在足月婴儿配方奶粉中添加DHA或DHA和AA也能在6、17和52周龄时产生更好的扫描VEP敏锐度，但在26周龄时，当敏锐度发育达到平台期时则没有效果。加糖婴儿的红细胞脂质组成和扫描VEP敏锐度与母乳喂养的婴儿相似，而未加糖婴儿的红细胞脂质组成和扫描VEP敏锐度与母乳喂养的婴儿有显著差异。饮食组之间的敏锐度差异太过微妙，无法通过强制选择优先观察方案检测到。所有饮食组的婴儿生长速度相似，对所有饮食的耐受性都很好。因此，早期饮食摄入预成型DHA和AA对于人类婴儿的大脑和眼睛的最佳发育是必要的。
The need for a dietary supply of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic aid (AA) in term infants was evaluated in a double-masked randomized clinical trial of the effects of supplementation of term infant formula with DHA (0.35% of total fatty acids) or with DHA (0.36%) and AA (0.72%) on visual acuity development. One hundred and eight healthy term infants were enrolled in the study; 79 were exclusively formula-fed from birth (randomized group) and 29 were exclusively breast-fed (gold standard group). Infants were evaluated at four time points during the first 12 mo of life for blood fatty acid composition, growth, sweep visual evoked potential (VEP) acuity, and forced choice preferential looking acuity. Supplementation of term infant formula with DHA or with DHA and AA during the first 4 mo of life yields clear differences in total red blood cell (RBC) lipid composition. Supplementation of term infant formula with DHA or with DHA and AA also yields better sweep VEP acuity at 6, 17, and 52 wk of age but not at 26 wk of age, when acuity development reaches a plateau. The RBC lipid composition and sweep VEP acuity of supplemented infants was similar to that of human milk-fed infants, whereas the RBC lipid composition and sweep VEP acuity of unsupplemented infants was significantly different from human milk-fed infants. Differences in acuity among diet groups were too subtle to be detected by the forced choice preferential looking protocol. Infants in all diet groups had similar rates of growth and tolerated all diets well. Thus, early dietary intake of preformed DHA and AA appears necessary for optimal development of the brain and eye of the human infant.